brainy/docs/QUERY_OPERATORS.md

Query Operators (BFO)

Brainy Field Operators — the complete reference for where filters in find().

All operators work with find({ where: { ... } }) and filter on metadata fields (not data).

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Equality

Operator	Alias	Description	Example
eq	equals	Exact match	{ status: { eq: 'active' } }
ne	notEquals	Not equal	{ status: { ne: 'deleted' } }

Shorthand: A bare value is treated as equals:

// These are equivalent:
brain.find({ where: { status: 'active' } })
brain.find({ where: { status: { equals: 'active' } } })

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Comparison

Operator	Alias	Description	Example
gt	greaterThan	Greater than	{ age: { gt: 18 } }
gte	greaterThanOrEqual	Greater or equal	{ score: { gte: 90 } }
lt	lessThan	Less than	{ price: { lt: 100 } }
lte	lessThanOrEqual	Less or equal	{ rating: { lte: 3 } }
between	—	Inclusive range [min, max]	{ year: { between: [2020, 2025] } }

// Range query
const recent = await brain.find({
  where: {
    createdAt: { between: [Date.now() - 86400000, Date.now()] }
  }
})

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Array / Set

Operator	Alias	Description	Example
oneOf	in	Value is one of the given options	{ color: { oneOf: ['red', 'blue'] } }
noneOf	—	Value is NOT one of the given options	{ status: { noneOf: ['deleted', 'archived'] } }
contains	—	Array field contains value	{ tags: { contains: 'ai' } }
excludes	—	Array field does NOT contain value	{ tags: { excludes: 'spam' } }
hasAll	—	Array field contains ALL listed values	{ skills: { hasAll: ['js', 'ts'] } }

// Find entities tagged with 'ai'
const aiEntities = await brain.find({
  where: { tags: { contains: 'ai' } }
})

// Find entities of specific types
const people = await brain.find({
  where: { noun: { oneOf: ['Person', 'Agent'] } }
})

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Existence

Operator	Description	Example
exists: true	Field exists (has any value)	{ email: { exists: true } }
exists: false	Field does NOT exist	{ email: { exists: false } }
missing: true	Field does NOT exist (alias for exists: false)	{ email: { missing: true } }
missing: false	Field exists (alias for exists: true)	{ email: { missing: false } }

// Find entities that have an email field
const withEmail = await brain.find({
  where: { email: { exists: true } }
})

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Pattern (In-Memory Only)

These operators work via the in-memory filter path. They are applied after the indexed query, so use them with other indexed operators for best performance.

Operator	Description	Example
matches	Regex or string pattern match	{ name: { matches: /^Dr\./ } }
startsWith	String prefix	{ name: { startsWith: 'John' } }
endsWith	String suffix	{ email: { endsWith: '@gmail.com' } }

const doctors = await brain.find({
  where: {
    type: NounType.Person,           // Indexed — fast
    name: { startsWith: 'Dr.' }     // In-memory — applied after
  }
})

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Logical

Combine multiple conditions:

Operator	Description	Example
allOf	ALL sub-filters must match (AND)	{ allOf: [{ status: 'active' }, { role: 'admin' }] }
anyOf	ANY sub-filter must match (OR)	{ anyOf: [{ role: 'admin' }, { role: 'owner' }] }
not	Invert a filter	{ not: { status: 'deleted' } }

// Complex OR query
const adminsOrOwners = await brain.find({
  where: {
    anyOf: [
      { role: 'admin' },
      { role: 'owner' }
    ]
  }
})

// NOT query
const notDeleted = await brain.find({
  where: {
    not: { status: 'deleted' }
  }
})

// Combined AND + OR
const results = await brain.find({
  where: {
    allOf: [
      { department: 'engineering' },
      { anyOf: [
        { level: 'senior' },
        { yearsExperience: { greaterThan: 5 } }
      ]}
    ]
  }
})

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Indexed vs In-Memory Operators

Brainy's MetadataIndex supports a subset of operators natively for O(1) field lookups. Other operators fall back to in-memory filtering.

Operator	MetadataIndex (Indexed)	In-Memory Fallback
equals / eq	Yes	Yes
notEquals / ne	—	Yes
greaterThan / gt	Yes	Yes
greaterThanOrEqual / gte	Yes	Yes
lessThan / lt	Yes	Yes
lessThanOrEqual / lte	Yes	Yes
between	Yes	Yes
oneOf / in	Yes	Yes
noneOf	—	Yes
contains	Yes	Yes
exists / missing	Yes	Yes
matches	—	Yes
startsWith	—	Yes
endsWith	—	Yes
allOf	Partial	Yes
anyOf	Partial	Yes
not	—	Yes

Performance tip: Combine indexed operators (equals, greaterThan, oneOf, between, contains, exists) with pattern operators for optimal speed — the index narrows results first, then patterns filter in memory.

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Practical Examples

Filter by entity type

// Using the type shorthand (recommended)
brain.find({ type: NounType.Person })

// Using where.noun directly
brain.find({ where: { noun: NounType.Person } })

// Multiple types
brain.find({ type: [NounType.Person, NounType.Agent] })

Filter by subtype

subtype is a top-level standard field — takes the column-store fast path, not the metadata fallback. Pair with type for the typical "Person who is an employee" query:

// Equality on subtype:
brain.find({ type: NounType.Person, subtype: 'employee' })

// Set membership:
brain.find({ type: NounType.Person, subtype: ['employee', 'contractor'] })

// Operator-form predicates use `where`:
brain.find({
  type: NounType.Person,
  where: { subtype: { exists: true } }
})

See the Subtypes & Facets guide for the full surface.

Filter relationships by subtype (7.30+)

Verbs are first-class peers — related() and graph traversal both honor subtype filters on the fast path:

// Filter relationships by VerbType subtype
const direct = await brain.related({
  from: ceoId,
  type: VerbType.ReportsTo,
  subtype: 'direct'
})

// Set membership on verb subtype
const all = await brain.related({
  from: ceoId,
  type: VerbType.ReportsTo,
  subtype: ['direct', 'dotted-line']
})

// Graph traversal — subtype filters traversal edges (depth-1 in 7.30 JS path;
// multi-hop subtype filtering lands on Cortex native)
const reports = await brain.find({
  connected: {
    from: ceoId,
    via: VerbType.ReportsTo,
    subtype: 'direct',
    depth: 1
  }
})

Combine semantic search with filters

const results = await brain.find({
  query: 'machine learning engineer',     // Semantic search (on data)
  type: NounType.Person,                  // Type filter (indexed)
  where: {
    department: 'engineering',            // Exact match (indexed)
    yearsExperience: { greaterThan: 3 }   // Range filter (indexed)
  },
  limit: 10
})

Temporal queries

const lastWeek = Date.now() - 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
const recentEntities = await brain.find({
  where: {
    createdAt: { greaterThan: lastWeek }
  },
  orderBy: 'createdAt',
  order: 'desc',
  limit: 50
})

Graph + metadata combination

const results = await brain.find({
  connected: {
    from: teamLeadId,
    via: VerbType.WorksWith,
    depth: 2
  },
  where: {
    role: { oneOf: ['engineer', 'designer'] },
    active: true
  }
})

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See Also

• Data Model — Entity structure, data vs metadata
• API Reference — Complete API documentation
• Find System — Natural language find() details