CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,17 +2,6 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
 
-### [10.4.9](https://source.soulcraft.com/soulcraftlabs/open-brainy/compare/v10.4.6...v10.4.9) (2026-09-02)
-
-- Merge branch 'fix/pending-embed-low-water' into rel/10.4.9-candidate (2648f56d)
-- fix(open): pending-embed recovery keeps the crash-recovery contract — foreground, bounded by the mark (8a2ebacf)
-- Merge branches 'fix/connected-find-order', 'fix/pending-embed-low-water' and 'fix/related-verb-array' into rel/10.4.9-candidate (d5147ed6)
-- fix(graph): the verb fast paths honour every requested type, source, and target (6a89adc4)
-- perf(open): pending-embed recovery is bounded by a low-water mark and runs behind the doors (88e79729)
-- fix(find): connected finds are graph-first — neighbours, then the filter over those ids, then the page (077cbc0b)
-- fix(storage): counts persistence is single-flight, coalesced, and never races its own temp file (5e3b343a)
-
-
 ### [10.4.6](https://source.soulcraft.com/soulcraftlabs/open-brainy/compare/v10.4.5...v10.4.6) (2026-08-31)
 
 - fix(transact): metadata-index ops take their JSON-safe view at the crossing, not at construction (73500e7d)

package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "@soulcraftlabs/brainy",
-  "version": "10.4.9",
+  "version": "10.4.6",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "@soulcraftlabs/brainy",
-      "version": "10.4.9",
+      "version": "10.4.6",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@msgpack/msgpack": "^3.1.2",

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@soulcraftlabs/brainy",
-  "version": "10.4.9",
+  "version": "10.4.6",
   "brainyContract": 1,
   "description": "Universal Knowledge Protocol™ - World's first Triple Intelligence database unifying vector, graph, and document search in one API. Stage 3 CANONICAL: 42 nouns × 127 verbs covering 96-97% of all human knowledge.",
   "main": "dist/index.js",

src/brainy.ts

@@ -1820,11 +1820,6 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
       // a deferred write's ack and its background embed DELAYED a vector;
       // this is where it lands.
       if (!this.isReadOnly) {
-        // Foreground, as the crash-recovery contract pins it: a reopened brain
-        // has its markers re-armed when open() returns. The low-water mark
-        // bounds this to the log's tail on any brain that has ever drained —
-        // milliseconds — so the foreground cost is the unmarked first open
-        // only, once per upgraded brain.
         try {
           await step(
             'bridge-pending-embed-sidecars',
@@ -1833,7 +1828,7 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
           )
           await step(
             'recover-pending-embeds',
-            'folding the generation log\'s deferred-embed markers (from the low-water mark) into the pending set',
+            'folding the generation log\'s deferred-embed markers back into the pending set',
             () => this.recoverPendingEmbedsFromLog()
           )
           if (this._pendingEmbedIds.size > 0) {
@@ -2413,17 +2408,6 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
    */
   private static readonly PENDING_EMBED_PREFIX = '_system/pending_embeds/'
 
-  /**
-   * Storage-root-relative path of the ADVISORY pending-embed low-water mark:
-   * `{ generation, writtenAt }`, written whenever the pending set drains to
-   * empty (and at clean close when empty). Every marker in facts at or below
-   * `generation` is consumed, so recovery scans from `generation + 1`. The
-   * mark is advisory and monotone-safe: stale-low costs a longer scan, never
-   * a lost marker; it is never required for correctness.
-   */
-  private static readonly PENDING_EMBED_LOWWATER_PATH = '_system/pending_embeds_lowwater.json'
-
-
   /**
    * @description Mark a deferred embed pending (MT5): the id joins the
    * in-memory fast-path set and the returned `embed.pending` record is
@@ -2451,40 +2435,6 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
    */
   private clearPendingEmbed(id: string): void {
     this._pendingEmbedIds.delete(id)
-    if (this._pendingEmbedIds.size === 0) this.maybeWriteEmbedLowWater()
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @description Advance the advisory low-water mark: called at drain-to-empty
-   * (and at clean close when empty), it records the fact log's CURRENT head —
-   * with the set empty, every marker at or below the head has been consumed,
-   * so the next open's recovery fold scans only what comes after. Fire-and-
-   * forget at the drain (close() awaits the core); loud on failure: a missed
-   * write costs the next open a longer scan, never a marker. No-op without a
-   * fact log (no durable markers exist there) and on read-only opens.
-   */
-  private maybeWriteEmbedLowWater(): void {
-    void this.writeEmbedLowWater()
-  }
-
-  /** The awaitable core of {@link maybeWriteEmbedLowWater} — close() awaits it. */
-  private async writeEmbedLowWater(): Promise<void> {
-    if (this.isReadOnly) return
-    const log = this.generationStore ? this.generationStore.getFactLog() : null
-    if (!log) return
-    const generation = log.headGeneration()
-    if (!(generation > 0)) return
-    try {
-      await this.storage.writeRawObject(Brainy.PENDING_EMBED_LOWWATER_PATH, {
-        generation,
-        writtenAt: Date.now()
-      })
-    } catch (err) {
-      prodLog.warn(
-        `[Brainy] pending-embed low-water write failed at generation ${generation}: ` +
-          `${(err as Error).message} — the next open scans from the previous mark`
-      )
-    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2495,14 +2445,9 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
    * survives the fold is exactly the set of acknowledged deferred writes
    * whose vectors have not landed.
    *
-   * BOUND: the scan starts at the advisory low-water mark
+   * BOUND (honest): no durable low-water mark exists for the earliest
-   * ({@link Brainy.PENDING_EMBED_LOWWATER_PATH}) — the log head at which the
+   * unconsumed pending, so the fold scans the log's committed facts from
-   * pending set last drained to empty — so a settled brain reads only the
+   * generation 1 — a sequential read of the log at open, O(log bytes).
-   * facts since then, not its whole history. Without a mark (first open
-   * after upgrade) it scans from generation 1, once; a stale-low mark costs
-   * a longer scan, never a marker. The fold stays on the open's foreground —
-   * the crash-recovery contract pins that a reopened brain has its markers
-   * re-armed when open() returns — and the mark is what makes that cheap.
    * It is SKIPPED WHOLESALE when the log has never had a v2 tail
    * ({@link FactLog.hasV2History} — v1 facts cannot carry marker records),
    * so pre-cutover brains pay nothing; on a mixed log the scan still reads
@@ -2515,18 +2460,7 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
   private async recoverPendingEmbedsFromLog(): Promise<void> {
     const log = this.generationStore.getFactLog()
     if (!log || !log.hasV2History()) return
-    let fromGeneration = 1
+    const scan = log.scanFacts({ fromGeneration: 1 })
-    try {
-      const mark = (await this.storage.readRawObject(Brainy.PENDING_EMBED_LOWWATER_PATH)) as {
-        generation?: number
-      } | null
-      if (mark && typeof mark.generation === 'number' && mark.generation > 0) {
-        fromGeneration = mark.generation + 1
-      }
-    } catch {
-      // No mark (or unreadable): scan from 1 — correctness over cost.
-    }
-    const scan = log.scanFacts({ fromGeneration })
     for await (const batch of scan.batches()) {
       for (const fact of batch.facts) {
         for (const record of fact.records ?? []) {
@@ -7536,37 +7470,7 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
       // JS path — there the materialized `candidateIds` restricts the walk instead.
       let preResolvedAllowedIds: OpaqueIdSet | undefined
 
-      // Graph-first law (10.4.8, BRAINY-PROD-LATENCY-TRIAD rounds 44/45): with
+      if (params.where || params.type || params.subtype || params.service || params.excludeVFS) {
-      // `connected` present the NEIGHBOUR SET is the candidate universe. It is
-      // resolved first from the adjacency (O(neighbours)), the metadata filter
-      // is evaluated over those ids only, and paging happens LAST. The earlier
-      // order materialized the whole-store filtered id list, paged it, hydrated
-      // the page, and only then intersected with the neighbours — O(store) per
-      // call, and a neighbour outside the first page was silently dropped.
-      let graphFirstIds: string[] | null = null
-      if (hasGraphCriteria) {
-        graphFirstIds = await this.resolveConnectedIds(params)
-        if (hiddenIds.size > 0) {
-          graphFirstIds = graphFirstIds.filter((id) => !hiddenIds.has(id))
-        }
-        if (
-          graphFirstIds.length > 0 &&
-          (params.where || params.type || params.subtype || params.service || params.excludeVFS)
-        ) {
-          preResolvedFilter = this.buildMetadataFilter(params)
-          graphFirstIds = await this.filterIdsWithinBelted(preResolvedFilter, graphFirstIds)
-        }
-        if (graphFirstIds.length === 0) {
-          return []
-        }
-        if (!hasVectorSearchCriteria) {
-          return await this.pageConnectedIds(params, graphFirstIds)
-        }
-        // The vector leg walks ONLY the neighbours (its candidate walk). The
-        // filter is already applied above, so no opaque universe is produced —
-        // it would describe the whole store, not the neighbour set.
-        preResolvedMetadataIds = graphFirstIds
-      } else if (params.where || params.type || params.subtype || params.service || params.excludeVFS) {
         preResolvedFilter = this.buildMetadataFilter(params)
         preResolvedMetadataIds = await this.filterIdsBelted(preResolvedFilter)
 
@@ -7755,11 +7659,9 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
         }
       }
 
-      // The text leg of a hybrid find has no candidate door, so its hits are
+      // Graph search component with O(1) traversal
-      // held to the neighbour set here; the vector leg walked only the neighbours.
+      if (params.connected) {
-      if (graphFirstIds !== null && results.length > 0) {
+        results = await this.executeGraphSearch(params, results)
-        const neighbourSet = new Set(graphFirstIds)
-        results = results.filter((r) => neighbourSet.has(r.id))
       }
 
       // Apply fusion scoring if requested
@@ -12874,29 +12776,6 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * The id-scoped twin of {@link filterIdsBelted}: evaluate `filter` over `ids`
-   * only, through the provider's own evaluation so the answer can never drift
-   * from `getIdsForFilter`'s. A provider without the door is served by its
-   * whole-store answer intersected here (the reference index implements the
-   * door itself). Same belt: field refusals cross as `BrainyFieldRefusal`.
-   */
-  private async filterIdsWithinBelted(filter: unknown, ids: readonly string[]): Promise<string[]> {
-    this.ensureIndexesLoaded(['metadata'])
-    const mip = this.metadataIndex as unknown as MetadataIndexProvider
-    try {
-      if (typeof mip.filterIdsWithin === 'function') {
-        return await mip.filterIdsWithin(filter, ids)
-      }
-      const matched = new Set(await this.metadataIndex.getIdsForFilter(filter))
-      return ids.filter((id) => matched.has(id))
-    } catch (err) {
-      const normalized = asBrainyFieldRefusal(err)
-      if (normalized) throw normalized
-      throw err
-    }
-  }
-
   async getIndexStatus(): Promise<{
     initialized: boolean
     /** `true` once open()'s index-build-if-needed step has run. Named for API
@@ -15880,16 +15759,16 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
   }
   
   /**
-   * Resolve `params.connected` to the neighbour id set — the graph-first
+   * Execute graph search component.
-   * find's candidate universe (deterministic traversal order, anchors excluded).
    *
    * Honors the full `GraphConstraints` contract: multi-hop `depth` (breadth-first via
-   * `neighbors()`), `via`/`type` verb-type filtering, and `direction`. An empty set
+   * `neighbors()`), `via`/`type` verb-type filtering, and `direction`. Previously this read
-   * is re-verified against the adjacency before it is believed — a not-serving
+   * only `from`/`to`/`direction` and did a single 1-hop `getNeighbors()`, so `depth` and `via`
-   * adjacency throws rather than answering `[]` as truth.
+   * were silently ignored — `find({ connected: { from, depth: 3 } })` returned only the
+   * immediate neighbour at every depth.
    */
-  private async resolveConnectedIds(params: FindParams<T>): Promise<string[]> {
+  private async executeGraphSearch(params: FindParams<T>, existingResults: Result<T>[]): Promise<Result<T>[]> {
-    if (!params.connected) return []
+    if (!params.connected) return existingResults
 
     const { from, to, depth, direction = 'both' } = params.connected
     const via = params.connected.via ?? params.connected.type
@@ -15943,8 +15822,8 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
           if (anchorInt === undefined) return new Set() // unmapped → no relations
 
           const verbTypeIndex = TypeUtils.getVerbIndex(via as VerbType)
-          // No limit: match the JS BFS exactly — the page is cut downstream,
+          // No limit: match the JS BFS exactly — overall result limiting happens
-          // after the metadata filter, by pageConnectedIds / the candidate walk.
+          // downstream against existingResults.
           const reachedInts = await provider.findConnectedSubtype(
             anchorInt, verbTypeIndex, subtypeArr[0], effectiveDepth, null
           )
@@ -16029,44 +15908,22 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
       await this.verifyGraphAdjacencyLive()
     }
 
-    return [...connectedIds]
+    // Filter existing results to only connected entities
-  }
+    if (existingResults.length > 0) {
-
+      return existingResults.filter(r => connectedIds.has(r.id))
-  /**
-   * Page and hydrate an already-filtered neighbour set — the pure graph (and
-   * graph + metadata) find's tail. `orderBy` sorts the WHOLE set by field value
-   * before the page is cut (never the page after), null values last on `asc`
-   * and first on `desc`; without `orderBy` the traversal order stands.
-   */
-  private async pageConnectedIds(params: FindParams<T>, ids: string[]): Promise<Result<T>[]> {
-    const limit = params.limit || 10
-    const offset = params.offset || 0
-    let ordered = ids
-    if (params.orderBy) {
-      const field = params.orderBy
-      const asc = (params.order || 'asc') === 'asc'
-      const valued = await Promise.all(
-        ids.map(async (id) => ({ id, value: await this.metadataIndex.getFieldValueForEntity(id, field) }))
-      )
-      valued.sort((a, b) => {
-        if (a.value == null && b.value == null) return 0
-        if (a.value == null) return asc ? 1 : -1
-        if (b.value == null) return asc ? -1 : 1
-        if (a.value === b.value) return 0
-        const comparison = a.value < b.value ? -1 : 1
-        return asc ? comparison : -comparison
-      })
-      ordered = valued.map((v) => v.id)
     }
-    const pageIds = ordered.slice(offset, offset + limit)
+
-    const entitiesMap = await this.batchGet(pageIds)
+    // Batch-load connected entities for fast cloud-storage performance
     const results: Result<T>[] = []
-    for (const id of pageIds) {
+    const ids = [...connectedIds]
+    const entitiesMap = await this.batchGet(ids)
+    for (const id of ids) {
       const entity = entitiesMap.get(id)
       if (entity) {
         results.push(this.createResult(id, 1.0, entity))
       }
     }
+
     return results
   }
   
@@ -19586,7 +19443,6 @@ export class Brainy<T = any> implements BrainyInterface<T> {
    *   terminal releases have run.
    */
   async close(): Promise<void> {
-    if (this._pendingEmbedIds.size === 0) await this.writeEmbedLowWater()
     let closeFailure: unknown = null
     try {
       await this.closeDurableSteps()

src/plugin.ts

@@ -411,19 +411,6 @@ export interface MetadataIndexProvider {
    * @returns The matching id universe as an opaque set.
    */
   getIdSetForFilter?(filter: any): Promise<OpaqueIdSet>
-  /**
-   * @description OPTIONAL: evaluate `filter` over `ids` ONLY and return the
-   * survivors in the caller's order — the door a graph-first
-   * `find({ connected, where })` walks. The neighbour set is the universe there,
-   * so the filter must cost O(|ids|) membership checks, never a whole-store
-   * materialization. A native index answers from its roaring filter result
-   * (membership by entity int); the reference index answers from its own
-   * `getIdsForFilter`, so the two doors can never disagree. Absent → Brainy
-   * intersects `getIdsForFilter`'s answer with `ids` itself (correct, O(store)).
-   * @param filter - The same filter shape accepted by `getIdsForFilter`.
-   * @param ids - The candidate ids (canonical). The answer is a subsequence.
-   */
-  filterIdsWithin?(filter: any, ids: readonly string[]): Promise<string[]>
   getIdsForTextQuery(query: string): Promise<Array<{ id: string; matchCount: number }>>
   getSortedIdsForFilter(filter: any, orderBy: string, order?: 'asc' | 'desc', topK?: number): Promise<string[]>
   getFilterValues(field: string): Promise<string[]>

src/storage/adapters/baseStorageAdapter.ts

@@ -1089,10 +1089,6 @@ export abstract class BaseStorageAdapter implements StorageAdapter {
 
   // Counts changed since the last persist? Drives the write-through flush.
   protected pendingCountPersist = false
-  /** The one persist running right now, if any (single-flight law — see flushCounts). */
-  private countPersistInFlight: Promise<void> | null = null
-  /** The one trailing persist a burst has queued behind the in-flight one. */
-  private countPersistTrailing: Promise<void> | null = null
 
   /**
    * Get total noun count - O(1) operation
@@ -1345,46 +1341,15 @@ export abstract class BaseStorageAdapter implements StorageAdapter {
       return
     }
 
-    // SINGLE-FLIGHT, COALESCED. Counts are write-through on every change, so
+    try {
-    // a burst of writes used to launch one persist per change, all in flight
+      // Persist to storage (implemented by subclass)
-    // together. Two of them inside the same millisecond shared the atomic
+      await this.persistCounts()
-    // writer's temp path (`.tmp-<pid>-<ms>`): both wrote it, the first rename
+      this.pendingCountPersist = false
-    // consumed it, the second rename found nothing — ENOENT, ~1,500 times a
+    } catch (error) {
-    // day on a busy production brain, with a full ledger write per change
+      console.error('CRITICAL: Failed to flush counts to storage:', error)
-    // behind it. Now exactly one persist runs at a time; requests that arrive
+      // Keep pending flag set so we retry on next operation
-    // while it runs collapse into ONE trailing persist that carries the final
+      throw error
-    // state. A burst of N changes costs at most two writes and never races
-    // itself.
-    if (this.countPersistInFlight) {
-      // The in-flight write may have already serialised a stale snapshot —
-      // ask for one more pass after it, and let every caller in this burst
-      // await that same pass.
-      if (!this.countPersistTrailing) {
-        this.countPersistTrailing = this.countPersistInFlight
-          .catch(() => undefined)
-          .then(() => {
-            this.countPersistTrailing = null
-            return this.flushCounts()
-          })
-      }
-      return this.countPersistTrailing
     }
-
-    this.countPersistInFlight = (async () => {
-      try {
-        // Persist to storage (implemented by subclass)
-        this.pendingCountPersist = false
-        await this.persistCounts()
-      } catch (error) {
-        // Keep the flag set so the next operation retries.
-        this.pendingCountPersist = true
-        console.error('CRITICAL: Failed to flush counts to storage:', error)
-        throw error
-      } finally {
-        this.countPersistInFlight = null
-      }
-    })()
-    return this.countPersistInFlight
   }
 
   /**

src/storage/adapters/fileSystemStorage.ts

@@ -2400,15 +2400,8 @@ export class FileSystemStorage extends BaseStorage {
    * Atomic write via temp-file-then-rename so concurrent readers never see a
    * half-written lock JSON. Reused by writer-lock writes + heartbeat.
    */
-  /** Monotonic per-process sequence so two atomic writes never share a temp path. */
-  private static atomicWriteSeq = 0
-
   private async writeFileAtomic(filePath: string, contents: string): Promise<void> {
-    // pid + timestamp alone collided: two writers of the same target inside
+    const tmp = `${filePath}.tmp-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}`
-    // one millisecond shared this path, and the loser's rename found the
-    // winner had already moved it (ENOENT). The sequence makes every call's
-    // temp path its own.
-    const tmp = `${filePath}.tmp-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}-${++FileSystemStorage.atomicWriteSeq}`
     await fs.promises.writeFile(tmp, contents)
     await fs.promises.rename(tmp, filePath)
   }

src/storage/baseStorage.ts

@@ -2942,33 +2942,19 @@ export abstract class BaseStorage extends BaseStorageAdapter {
         !options.filter.service &&
         !options.filter.metadata
       ) {
-        const sourceIds = Array.isArray(options.filter.sourceId)
+        const sourceId = Array.isArray(options.filter.sourceId)
-          ? options.filter.sourceId
+          ? options.filter.sourceId[0]
-          : [options.filter.sourceId]
+          : options.filter.sourceId
 
-        // EVERY requested verb type is honoured — an array used to collapse to
+        const verbType = Array.isArray(options.filter.verbType)
-        // its first element here, silently dropping the rest of the ask.
+          ? options.filter.verbType[0]
-        const verbTypes = new Set(
+          : options.filter.verbType
-          Array.isArray(options.filter.verbType)
-            ? options.filter.verbType
-            : [options.filter.verbType]
-        )
 
-        // Get verbs by source (union over every requested source), filter by the
+        // Get verbs by source, then filter by type (O(1) graph lookup + O(n) type filter),
-        // requested type SET (O(1) graph lookup + O(n) type filter), then apply
+        // then apply the subtype / visibility metadata filters on the candidate set.
-        // the subtype / visibility metadata filters on the candidate set.
+        const verbsBySource = await this.getVerbsBySource_internal(sourceId)
-        const bySource: HNSWVerbWithMetadata[] = []
-        const seenVerbIds = new Set<string>()
-        for (const oneSource of sourceIds) {
-          for (const v of await this.getVerbsBySource_internal(oneSource)) {
-            if (!seenVerbIds.has(v.id)) {
-              seenVerbIds.add(v.id)
-              bySource.push(v)
-            }
-          }
-        }
         const filteredVerbs = this.applyVerbMetadataFilters(
-          bySource.filter(v => verbTypes.has(v.verb)),
+          verbsBySource.filter(v => v.verb === verbType),
           options.filter
         )
 
@@ -2999,22 +2985,16 @@ export abstract class BaseStorage extends BaseStorageAdapter {
         !options.filter.service &&
         !options.filter.metadata
       ) {
-        // EVERY requested source is honoured — an array used to collapse to
+        const sourceId = Array.isArray(options.filter.sourceId)
-        // its first element here, silently dropping the rest of the ask.
+          ? options.filter.sourceId[0]
-        const onlySourceIds = Array.isArray(options.filter.sourceId)
+          : options.filter.sourceId
-          ? options.filter.sourceId
+
-          : [options.filter.sourceId]
+        // Get verbs by source directly (hydrated with metadata), then apply the
-        const sourceUnion: HNSWVerbWithMetadata[] = []
+        // subtype / visibility metadata filters on the O(degree) candidate set.
-        const seenSourceVerbIds = new Set<string>()
+        const verbsBySource = this.applyVerbMetadataFilters(
-        for (const oneSource of onlySourceIds) {
+          await this.getVerbsBySource_internal(sourceId),
-          for (const v of await this.getVerbsBySource_internal(oneSource)) {
+          options.filter
-            if (!seenSourceVerbIds.has(v.id)) {
+        )
-              seenSourceVerbIds.add(v.id)
-              sourceUnion.push(v)
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        const verbsBySource = this.applyVerbMetadataFilters(sourceUnion, options.filter)
 
         // Apply pagination
         const paginatedVerbs = verbsBySource.slice(offset, offset + limit)
@@ -3043,22 +3023,16 @@ export abstract class BaseStorage extends BaseStorageAdapter {
         !options.filter.service &&
         !options.filter.metadata
       ) {
-        // EVERY requested target is honoured — an array used to collapse to
+        const targetId = Array.isArray(options.filter.targetId)
-        // its first element here, silently dropping the rest of the ask.
+          ? options.filter.targetId[0]
-        const onlyTargetIds = Array.isArray(options.filter.targetId)
+          : options.filter.targetId
-          ? options.filter.targetId
+
-          : [options.filter.targetId]
+        // Get verbs by target directly (hydrated with metadata), then apply the
-        const targetUnion: HNSWVerbWithMetadata[] = []
+        // subtype / visibility metadata filters on the O(degree) candidate set.
-        const seenTargetVerbIds = new Set<string>()
+        const verbsByTarget = this.applyVerbMetadataFilters(
-        for (const oneTarget of onlyTargetIds) {
+          await this.getVerbsByTarget_internal(targetId),
-          for (const v of await this.getVerbsByTarget_internal(oneTarget)) {
+          options.filter
-            if (!seenTargetVerbIds.has(v.id)) {
+        )
-              seenTargetVerbIds.add(v.id)
-              targetUnion.push(v)
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        const verbsByTarget = this.applyVerbMetadataFilters(targetUnion, options.filter)
 
         // Apply pagination
         const paginatedVerbs = verbsByTarget.slice(offset, offset + limit)
@@ -3087,25 +3061,16 @@ export abstract class BaseStorage extends BaseStorageAdapter {
         !options.filter.service &&
         !options.filter.metadata
       ) {
-        // EVERY requested verb type is honoured — an array used to collapse to
+        const verbType = Array.isArray(options.filter.verbType)
-        // its first element here, silently dropping the rest of the ask.
+          ? options.filter.verbType[0]
-        const verbTypes = Array.isArray(options.filter.verbType)
+          : options.filter.verbType
-          ? options.filter.verbType
-          : [options.filter.verbType]
 
-        // Get verbs by each requested type (hydrated with metadata), deduped by
+        // Get verbs by type directly (hydrated with metadata), then apply the
-        // id, then apply the subtype / visibility metadata filters on the set.
+        // subtype / visibility metadata filters on the candidate set.
-        const byType: HNSWVerbWithMetadata[] = []
+        const verbsByType = this.applyVerbMetadataFilters(
-        const seenTypeVerbIds = new Set<string>()
+          await this.getVerbsByType_internal(verbType),
-        for (const oneType of verbTypes) {
+          options.filter
-          for (const v of await this.getVerbsByType_internal(oneType)) {
+        )
-            if (!seenTypeVerbIds.has(v.id)) {
-              seenTypeVerbIds.add(v.id)
-              byType.push(v)
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        const verbsByType = this.applyVerbMetadataFilters(byType, options.filter)
 
         // Apply pagination
         const paginatedVerbs = verbsByType.slice(offset, offset + limit)

src/utils/metadataIndex.ts

@@ -2575,19 +2575,6 @@ export class MetadataIndexManager implements MetadataIndexProvider {
   /** Once-per-field flag for the fallback-degradation announcement. */
   private static announcedFallbackSorts = new Set<string>()
 
-  /**
-   * Evaluate `filter` over `ids` only — the graph-first find's door (the
-   * neighbour set filtered by id, never the store filtered and then
-   * intersected). This index answers from its own `getIdsForFilter`, so the
-   * two doors cannot disagree; the cost is that of the filter over this
-   * in-memory index, and the answer keeps the caller's order.
-   */
-  async filterIdsWithin(filter: any, ids: readonly string[]): Promise<string[]> {
-    if (ids.length === 0) return []
-    const matched = new Set(await this.getIdsForFilter(filter))
-    return ids.filter((id) => matched.has(id))
-  }
-
   async getSortedIdsForFilter(
     filter: any,
     orderBy: string,

tests/integration/counts-persist-single-flight.test.ts

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @module tests/integration/counts-persist-single-flight
- * @description Regression for a production race in FileSystemStorage's
- * counts ledger: `persistCounts()` was write-through on every count change
- * with no serialization, and the atomic writer named its temp file with
- * millisecond granularity (`.tmp-<pid>-<ms>`). Two persists inside one
- * millisecond shared the temp path — both wrote it, the first rename
- * consumed it, the second rename found nothing: ENOENT, ~1,500 times a day
- * on a busy production brain, with a full ledger write per change behind it.
- *
- * Under pin: persists are single-flight and coalesced — one in flight, at
- * most one trailing pass carrying the burst's final state — and every atomic
- * write owns a unique temp path. A burst of N count changes costs at most
- * two ledger writes, never errors, and leaves a ledger equal to memory.
- */
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach, vi } from 'vitest'
-import * as fs from 'node:fs'
-import * as os from 'node:os'
-import * as path from 'node:path'
-import { Brainy } from '../../src/brainy.js'
-import { NounType } from '../../src/types/graphTypes.js'
-
-describe('counts persistence is single-flight, coalesced, and never races its own temp file', () => {
-  let dir: string
-  let brain: any
-
-  beforeEach(async () => {
-    process.env.BRAINY_DETERMINISTIC_EMBEDDINGS = 'true'
-    dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'brainy-counts-race-'))
-    brain = new Brainy({
-      requireSubtype: false,
-      storage: { type: 'filesystem', path: dir },
-      dimensions: 384,
-      silent: true
-    })
-    await brain.init()
-  })
-
-  afterEach(async () => {
-    vi.restoreAllMocks()
-    await brain.close()
-    fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
-  })
-
-  it('a burst of concurrent count changes → at most two ledger writes, zero errors, ledger == memory', async () => {
-    const storage = brain.storage
-    const countsPath: string = storage.countsFilePath
-    expect(countsPath, 'the filesystem adapter persists a counts ledger').toBeTruthy()
-
-    // Let init's own persists settle so the burst is measured alone.
-    await storage.flushCounts?.()
-
-    const renameSpy = vi.spyOn(fs.promises, 'rename')
-    const errorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error')
-
-    // Twenty-five concurrent count changes — the shape of a write burst; each
-    // used to launch its own persist.
-    const BURST = 25
-    await Promise.all(
-      Array.from({ length: BURST }, () => storage.scheduleCountPersist())
-    )
-
-    const ledgerRenames = renameSpy.mock.calls.filter(([, to]) => String(to) === countsPath)
-    expect(ledgerRenames.length, 'single-flight + one trailing pass').toBeLessThanOrEqual(2)
-    expect(ledgerRenames.length, 'the burst was persisted at all').toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
-
-    const persistErrors = errorSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => String(args[0]).includes('persisting counts'))
-    expect(persistErrors).toEqual([])
-
-    const ledger = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(countsPath, 'utf-8'))
-    expect(ledger.totalNounCount).toBe(storage.totalNounCount)
-    expect(ledger.totalVerbCount).toBe(storage.totalVerbCount)
-  })
-
-  it('real writes in parallel: the ledger lands complete and no persist error is logged', async () => {
-    const storage = brain.storage
-    const countsPath: string = storage.countsFilePath
-    const errorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error')
-
-    await Promise.all(
-      Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, i) =>
-        brain.add({ data: `burst row ${i}`, type: NounType.Thing })
-      )
-    )
-    await storage.flushCounts?.()
-
-    const persistErrors = errorSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => String(args[0]).includes('persisting counts'))
-    expect(persistErrors).toEqual([])
-    const ledger = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(countsPath, 'utf-8'))
-    expect(ledger.totalNounCount).toBe(storage.totalNounCount)
-    expect(await brain.getNounCount()).toBe(ledger.totalNounCount)
-  })
-
-  it('every atomic write owns its own temp path — two writes in one millisecond never collide', async () => {
-    const storage = brain.storage
-    const tmpNames: string[] = []
-    vi.spyOn(fs.promises, 'writeFile').mockImplementation(async (p: any) => {
-      tmpNames.push(String(p))
-    })
-    vi.spyOn(fs.promises, 'rename').mockImplementation(async () => undefined)
-    const target = path.join(dir, 'probe.json')
-    await Promise.all([
-      storage.writeFileAtomic(target, '{"a":1}'),
-      storage.writeFileAtomic(target, '{"a":2}'),
-      storage.writeFileAtomic(target, '{"a":3}')
-    ])
-    const probeTmps = tmpNames.filter((n) => n.startsWith(`${target}.tmp-`))
-    expect(probeTmps.length).toBe(3)
-    expect(new Set(probeTmps).size, 'no two writes shared a temp path').toBe(3)
-  })
-})

tests/integration/find-connected-order.test.ts

@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @module tests/integration/find-connected-order
- * @description The graph-first law for `find({ connected })` (10.4.8).
- *
- * With `connected` present the neighbour set is the candidate universe: it is
- * resolved from the adjacency first, the metadata filter is evaluated over
- * those ids only, and the page is cut last. The earlier order materialized the
- * whole-store filtered id list, paged it, hydrated the page, and only then
- * intersected with the neighbours — so a neighbour outside the first page of
- * the filtered STORE was silently dropped, and every call paid O(store).
- *
- * These pins hold both halves. The answer: every matching neighbour is
- * reachable by paging, a non-neighbour never appears, a negation (`missing`)
- * is evaluated over the neighbours, `orderBy` sorts the whole neighbour set
- * before the page is cut, and the vector leg walks the neighbours only. The
- * cost shape: the metadata index is asked about the neighbour ids only, and
- * hydration is one page — never the store.
- */
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, vi } from 'vitest'
-import { Brainy } from '../../src/brainy'
-import { NounType, VerbType } from '../../src/types/graphTypes'
-import { v5 } from '../../src/universal/uuid'
-import { generateTestVector } from '../helpers/test-factory'
-
-/** Matching rows that are NOT neighbours — added FIRST, so the whole-store filtered list leads with them. */
-const NOISE = 120
-/** Matching rows that ARE neighbours of the anchor. */
-const NEIGHBOURS = 30
-/** Neighbours carrying `retracted: true` — excluded by the `missing` negation. */
-const RETRACTED = 4
-
-describe('find({ connected }) is graph-first: neighbours → filter → page', () => {
-  let brain: Brainy<any>
-  const anchor = 'anchor'
-  const sharedVector = generateTestVector()
-  const neighbourIds = new Set(Array.from({ length: NEIGHBOURS }, (_, i) => v5(`nb-${i}`)))
-
-  beforeAll(async () => {
-    brain = new Brainy({ requireSubtype: false, storage: { type: 'memory' } })
-    await brain.init()
-    await brain.add({
-      id: anchor,
-      data: 'the anchor',
-      type: NounType.Person,
-      metadata: { kind: 'anchor' },
-      vector: generateTestVector()
-    })
-    for (let i = 0; i < NOISE; i++) {
-      await brain.add({
-        id: `noise-${i}`,
-        data: `noise ${i}`,
-        type: NounType.Person,
-        metadata: { kind: 'note', rank: 1000 + i },
-        vector: sharedVector
-      })
-    }
-    for (let i = 0; i < NEIGHBOURS; i++) {
-      await brain.add({
-        id: `nb-${i}`,
-        data: `neighbour ${i}`,
-        type: NounType.Person,
-        metadata: { kind: 'note', rank: i + 1, ...(i < RETRACTED ? { retracted: true } : {}) },
-        vector: sharedVector
-      })
-      await brain.relate({ from: anchor, to: `nb-${i}`, type: VerbType.Knows })
-    }
-  })
-
-  afterAll(async () => {
-    brain = null as any
-  })
-
-  it('returns the matching neighbours page by page — none dropped, never a non-neighbour', async () => {
-    const seen = new Set<string>()
-    for (let offset = 0; offset <= NEIGHBOURS; offset += 10) {
-      const page = await brain.find({
-        connected: { from: anchor, direction: 'out' },
-        where: { kind: 'note' },
-        limit: 10,
-        offset
-      })
-      expect(page).toHaveLength(offset < NEIGHBOURS ? 10 : 0)
-      for (const r of page) {
-        expect(neighbourIds.has(r.entity.id)).toBe(true)
-        expect(seen.has(r.entity.id)).toBe(false)
-        seen.add(r.entity.id)
-      }
-    }
-    expect(seen.size).toBe(NEIGHBOURS)
-  })
-
-  it('evaluates a negation (`missing`) over the neighbour set, not the store', async () => {
-    const results = await brain.find({
-      connected: { from: anchor, direction: 'out' },
-      where: { kind: 'note', retracted: { missing: true } },
-      limit: 100
-    })
-    expect(results).toHaveLength(NEIGHBOURS - RETRACTED)
-    for (const r of results) {
-      expect(neighbourIds.has(r.entity.id)).toBe(true)
-      expect(r.entity.metadata.retracted).toBeUndefined()
-    }
-  })
-
-  it('asks the metadata index about the neighbour ids only, and hydrates one page', async () => {
-    const index = (brain as any).metadataIndex
-    const within = vi.spyOn(index, 'filterIdsWithin')
-    const hydrate = vi.spyOn(brain as any, 'batchGet')
-    try {
-      const results = await brain.find({
-        connected: { from: anchor, direction: 'out' },
-        where: { kind: 'note' },
-        limit: 10
-      })
-      expect(results).toHaveLength(10)
-      expect(within).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
-      const askedIds = within.mock.calls[0][1] as string[]
-      expect(askedIds).toHaveLength(NEIGHBOURS)
-      for (const id of askedIds) expect(neighbourIds.has(id)).toBe(true)
-      expect(hydrate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
-      expect(hydrate.mock.calls[0][0]).toHaveLength(10)
-    } finally {
-      within.mockRestore()
-      hydrate.mockRestore()
-    }
-  })
-
-  it('orders the WHOLE neighbour set before cutting the page', async () => {
-    const results = await brain.find({
-      connected: { from: anchor, direction: 'out' },
-      where: { kind: 'note' },
-      orderBy: 'rank',
-      order: 'desc',
-      limit: 5
-    })
-    expect(results.map((r) => r.entity.metadata.rank)).toEqual([30, 29, 28, 27, 26])
-  })
-
-  it('walks the vector leg over the neighbours only', async () => {
-    const results = await brain.find({
-      vector: sharedVector,
-      connected: { from: anchor, direction: 'out' },
-      where: { kind: 'note' },
-      limit: 5
-    })
-    expect(results).toHaveLength(5)
-    for (const r of results) expect(neighbourIds.has(r.entity.id)).toBe(true)
-  })
-
-  it('an anchor without neighbours answers [] before the filter is asked', async () => {
-    const index = (brain as any).metadataIndex
-    const within = vi.spyOn(index, 'filterIdsWithin')
-    try {
-      const results = await brain.find({
-        connected: { from: 'noise-0', direction: 'out' },
-        where: { kind: 'note' },
-        limit: 10
-      })
-      expect(results).toEqual([])
-      expect(within).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
-    } finally {
-      within.mockRestore()
-    }
-  })
-})

tests/integration/pending-embed-low-water.test.ts

@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @module tests/integration/pending-embed-low-water
- * @description The pending-embed recovery fold is bounded and background (10.4.9).
- *
- * The fold used to scan the generation log from generation 1 at EVERY open,
- * on the open's foreground — O(whole history) per open on long-lived brains.
- * Now: an advisory low-water mark (`_system/pending_embeds_lowwater.json`)
- * records the committed generation whenever the pending set drains to empty,
- * recovery scans from `mark + 1` on the open's foreground — the crash-recovery
- * contract keeps markers re-armed when open() returns. The mark is advisory: stale-low costs a longer scan, never a
- * marker — a pending embed enqueued before a crash is still recovered.
- */
-import { describe, it, expect, afterEach, vi } from 'vitest'
-import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from 'node:fs'
-import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
-import { join } from 'node:path'
-import { Brainy } from '../../src/brainy'
-import { NounType } from '../../src/types/graphTypes'
-
-const LOWWATER_PATH = '_system/pending_embeds_lowwater.json'
-
-describe('pending-embed recovery: bounded by the low-water mark', () => {
-  const roots: string[] = []
-  const dir = (): string => {
-    const d = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'brainy-lowwater-'))
-    roots.push(d)
-    return d
-  }
-  const open = async (root: string): Promise<Brainy<any>> => {
-    const brain = new Brainy<any>({
-      requireSubtype: false,
-      storage: { type: 'filesystem', path: root }
-    })
-    await brain.init()
-    return brain
-  }
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    for (const d of roots.splice(0)) rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true })
-  })
-
-  it('drain-to-empty writes the mark, and the next open scans from mark + 1', async () => {
-    const root = dir()
-    const brain = await open(root)
-    // Hold the worker so the pending state is observable, then release it.
-    const realKick = (brain as any).kickEmbedWorker.bind(brain)
-    ;(brain as any).kickEmbedWorker = () => {}
-    await brain.add({
-      id: 'row-1',
-      data: 'the first deferred row',
-      type: NounType.Thing,
-      deferEmbedding: true
-    })
-    expect(brain.pendingEmbedCount()).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    ;(brain as any).kickEmbedWorker = realKick
-    await brain.awaitPendingEmbeds()
-    // The drain wrote the advisory mark (fire-and-forget: settle the microtask).
-    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 50))
-    const mark = (await (brain as any).storage.readRawObject(LOWWATER_PATH)) as {
-      generation: number
-    } | null
-    expect(mark).not.toBeNull()
-    expect(mark!.generation).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    await brain.close()
-
-    const brain2 = await open(root)
-    const log = (brain2 as any).generationStore.getFactLog()
-    const scanSpy = vi.spyOn(log, 'scanFacts')
-    try {
-      await (brain2 as any).recoverPendingEmbedsFromLog()
-      expect(scanSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
-      const opts = scanSpy.mock.calls[0][0] as { fromGeneration?: number }
-      expect(opts.fromGeneration).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(mark!.generation + 1)
-    } finally {
-      scanSpy.mockRestore()
-      await brain2.close()
-    }
-  })
-
-  it('a pending embed enqueued after the mark survives an unclean stop', async () => {
-    const root = dir()
-    const brain = await open(root)
-    await brain.add({ id: 'settled', data: 'lands before the mark', type: NounType.Thing })
-    await brain.awaitPendingEmbeds()
-    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 50))
-
-    // A deferred write whose embed never lands: block the worker, then drop
-    // the instance without close() — the unclean-stop shape.
-    ;(brain as any).kickEmbedWorker = () => {}
-    await brain.add({
-      id: 'orphan',
-      data: 'enqueued then abandoned',
-      type: NounType.Thing,
-      deferEmbedding: true
-    })
-    expect(brain.pendingEmbedCount()).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    // No close(): simulate the crash by releasing only the writer lock so the
-    // next open can proceed.
-    await (brain as any).storage.releaseWriterLock()
-
-    const brain2 = await open(root)
-    expect(brain2.pendingEmbedCount()).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    await brain2.awaitPendingEmbeds()
-    expect(brain2.pendingEmbedCount()).toBe(0)
-    await brain2.close()
-    // Reap the crashed instance: its fence is gone, so close() fails loudly —
-    // swallow that here; the point is clearing its watchers and registry entry.
-    await brain.close().catch(() => undefined)
-  })
-
-  it('a reopened brain has its pending set settled when open() returns', async () => {
-    const root = dir()
-    const brain = await open(root)
-    await brain.add({ id: 'a-row', data: 'some data', type: NounType.Thing })
-    await brain.awaitPendingEmbeds()
-    await brain.close()
-
-    const brain2 = await open(root)
-    // The crash-recovery contract: markers are re-armed by open itself —
-    // no latch, no background race. (Here the drain landed, so zero.)
-    expect(brain2.pendingEmbedCount()).toBe(0)
-    await brain2.close()
-  })
-
-  it('a clean close with an empty set writes the mark even if no drain happened', async () => {
-    const root = dir()
-    const brain = await open(root)
-    await brain.add({ id: 'r1', data: 'row one', type: NounType.Thing })
-    await brain.awaitPendingEmbeds()
-    await brain.close()
-    // Read the mark back through the storage door (the adapter owns the
-    // on-disk encoding), on a fresh instance.
-    const brain2 = await open(root)
-    const mark = (await (brain2 as any).storage.readRawObject(LOWWATER_PATH)) as {
-      generation: number
-    } | null
-    expect(mark).not.toBeNull()
-    expect(mark!.generation).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    await brain2.close()
-  })
-})

tests/integration/related-verb-array.test.ts

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @module tests/integration/related-verb-array
- * @description related() honours EVERY verb type in an array (10.4.9).
- *
- * The storage fast paths for `sourceId + verbType` and `verbType` collapsed a
- * verb-type ARRAY to its first element — `related({ from, type: [a, b] })`
- * silently returned only `a` edges, whichever order the array came in. The
- * same quiet-loss class as the graph-first paging defect, one seam over.
- * These pins seed a store where the SECOND requested type's edge must come
- * back, on every path the collapse lived in.
- */
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from 'vitest'
-import { Brainy } from '../../src/brainy'
-import { NounType, VerbType } from '../../src/types/graphTypes'
-import { v5 } from '../../src/universal/uuid'
-
-describe('related() with a verb-type array returns every requested type', () => {
-  let brain: Brainy<any>
-
-  beforeAll(async () => {
-    brain = new Brainy({ requireSubtype: false, storage: { type: 'memory' } })
-    await brain.init()
-    for (const id of ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']) {
-      await brain.add({ id, data: `node ${id}`, type: NounType.Person })
-    }
-    await brain.relate({ from: 'a', to: 'b', type: VerbType.Supports })
-    await brain.relate({ from: 'a', to: 'c', type: VerbType.RelatedTo })
-    await brain.relate({ from: 'a', to: 'd', type: VerbType.Knows })
-    await brain.relate({ from: 'b', to: 'c', type: VerbType.RelatedTo })
-  })
-
-  afterAll(async () => {
-    brain = null as any
-  })
-
-  it('from + type array: the second type\'s edge comes back, both orders', async () => {
-    for (const types of [
-      [VerbType.Supports, VerbType.RelatedTo],
-      [VerbType.RelatedTo, VerbType.Supports]
-    ]) {
-      const edges = await brain.related({ from: 'a', type: types })
-      const targets = new Set(edges.map((e) => e.to))
-      expect(targets.has(v5('b')), `types [${types}] missing Supports edge`).toBe(true)
-      expect(targets.has(v5('c')), `types [${types}] missing RelatedTo edge`).toBe(true)
-      expect(targets.has(v5('d'))).toBe(false)
-      expect(edges).toHaveLength(2)
-    }
-  })
-
-  it('a single-element array behaves exactly like the scalar', async () => {
-    const scalar = await brain.related({ from: 'a', type: VerbType.Supports })
-    const array = await brain.related({ from: 'a', type: [VerbType.Supports] })
-    expect(array.map((e) => e.id).sort()).toEqual(scalar.map((e) => e.id).sort())
-    expect(array).toHaveLength(1)
-  })
-
-  it('no duplicate edges when types overlap the same edge set', async () => {
-    const edges = await brain.related({
-      from: 'a',
-      type: [VerbType.Supports, VerbType.RelatedTo, VerbType.Knows]
-    })
-    const ids = edges.map((e) => e.id)
-    expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length)
-    expect(edges).toHaveLength(3)
-  })
-
-  it('type-only asks (no anchor) honour the whole array too', async () => {
-    const edges = await brain.related({ type: [VerbType.Supports, VerbType.Knows] })
-    const verbs = new Set(edges.map((e) => e.type))
-    expect(verbs.has(VerbType.Supports)).toBe(true)
-    expect(verbs.has(VerbType.Knows)).toBe(true)
-    expect(edges).toHaveLength(2)
-  })
-
-  it('to + type array: the target side honours every type too', async () => {
-    const edges = await brain.related({ to: 'c', type: [VerbType.RelatedTo, VerbType.Supports] })
-    const froms = new Set(edges.map((e) => e.from))
-    expect(froms.has(v5('a'))).toBe(true)
-    expect(froms.has(v5('b'))).toBe(true)
-    expect(edges).toHaveLength(2)
-  })
-
-  it('pagination stays consistent across the union', async () => {
-    const page1 = await brain.related({ from: 'a', type: [VerbType.Supports, VerbType.RelatedTo, VerbType.Knows], limit: 2 })
-    const page2 = await brain.related({ from: 'a', type: [VerbType.Supports, VerbType.RelatedTo, VerbType.Knows], limit: 2, offset: 2 })
-    const all = [...page1, ...page2].map((e) => e.id)
-    expect(new Set(all).size).toBe(3)
-  })
-})