David Snelling
4d1d567236
Problem: Each add() triggered 70 GCS operations (34 reads + 36 writes) because HNSW updates 16+ neighbors per add, and each neighbor did a read-modify-write cycle. Result: 7-11 seconds per add() on GCS. Solution: - Add `hnswPersistMode: 'immediate' | 'deferred'` config option - In deferred mode, track dirty nodes instead of persisting immediately - Flush dirty nodes on close() or explicit flush() - Smart defaults: cloud storage (GCS/S3/R2/Azure) = deferred, local = immediate Performance impact: - Single add(): 7-11 seconds → 200-400ms (30-50× faster) - GCS operations per add: 70 → 2-3 Zero configuration - cloud storage automatically uses deferred mode. Files changed: - src/types/brainy.types.ts: Add hnswPersistMode config option - src/hnsw/hnswIndex.ts: Deferred mode, dirty tracking, flush() - src/hnsw/typeAwareHNSWIndex.ts: Propagate to child indexes - src/brainy.ts: Smart defaults, flush on close() 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
1805 lines
60 KiB
TypeScript
1805 lines
60 KiB
TypeScript
/**
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||
* HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World) Index implementation
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* Based on the paper: "Efficient and robust approximate nearest neighbor search using Hierarchical Navigable Small World graphs"
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*/
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import {
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DistanceFunction,
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HNSWConfig,
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HNSWNoun,
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Vector,
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VectorDocument
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} from '../coreTypes.js'
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import { euclideanDistance, calculateDistancesBatch } from '../utils/index.js'
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import { executeInThread } from '../utils/workerUtils.js'
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import type { BaseStorage } from '../storage/baseStorage.js'
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import { getGlobalCache, UnifiedCache } from '../utils/unifiedCache.js'
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import { prodLog } from '../utils/logger.js'
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// Default HNSW parameters
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const DEFAULT_CONFIG: HNSWConfig = {
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M: 16, // Max number of connections per noun
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efConstruction: 200, // Size of a dynamic candidate list during construction
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efSearch: 50, // Size of a dynamic candidate list during search
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ml: 16 // Max level
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}
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export class HNSWIndex {
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private nouns: Map<string, HNSWNoun> = new Map()
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private entryPointId: string | null = null
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private maxLevel = 0
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// Track high-level nodes for O(1) entry point selection
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private highLevelNodes = new Map<number, Set<string>>() // level -> node IDs
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private readonly MAX_TRACKED_LEVELS = 10 // Only track top levels for memory efficiency
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private config: HNSWConfig
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private distanceFunction: DistanceFunction
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private dimension: number | null = null
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private useParallelization: boolean = true // Whether to use parallelization for performance-critical operations
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private storage: BaseStorage | null = null // Storage adapter for HNSW persistence (v3.35.0+)
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// Universal memory management (v3.36.0+)
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private unifiedCache: UnifiedCache // Shared cache with Graph and Metadata indexes
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// Always-adaptive caching (v3.36.0+) - no "mode" concept, system adapts automatically
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// COW (Copy-on-Write) support - v5.0.0
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private cowEnabled: boolean = false
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private cowModifiedNodes: Set<string> = new Set()
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private cowParent: HNSWIndex | null = null
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// v6.2.8: Deferred HNSW persistence for cloud storage performance
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// In deferred mode, HNSW connections are only persisted on flush/close
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// This reduces GCS operations from 70 to 2-3 per add() (30-50× faster)
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private persistMode: 'immediate' | 'deferred' = 'immediate'
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private dirtyNodes: Set<string> = new Set() // Nodes with unpersisted HNSW data
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private dirtySystem: boolean = false // Whether system data (entryPoint, maxLevel) needs persist
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constructor(
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config: Partial<HNSWConfig> = {},
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distanceFunction: DistanceFunction = euclideanDistance,
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options: { useParallelization?: boolean; storage?: BaseStorage; persistMode?: 'immediate' | 'deferred' } = {}
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) {
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this.config = { ...DEFAULT_CONFIG, ...config }
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this.distanceFunction = distanceFunction
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this.useParallelization =
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options.useParallelization !== undefined
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? options.useParallelization
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: true
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this.storage = options.storage || null
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this.persistMode = options.persistMode || 'immediate'
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// Use SAME UnifiedCache as Graph and Metadata for fair memory competition
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this.unifiedCache = getGlobalCache()
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}
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/**
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* Set whether to use parallelization for performance-critical operations
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*/
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public setUseParallelization(useParallelization: boolean): void {
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this.useParallelization = useParallelization
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}
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/**
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* Get whether parallelization is enabled
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*/
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public getUseParallelization(): boolean {
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return this.useParallelization
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}
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/**
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* v6.2.8: Flush dirty HNSW data to storage
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*
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* In deferred persistence mode, HNSW connections are tracked as dirty but not
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* immediately persisted. Call flush() to persist all pending changes.
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*
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* This is automatically called by:
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* - brain.close()
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* - brain.flush()
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* - Process shutdown (SIGTERM/SIGINT)
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*
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* @returns Number of nodes flushed
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*/
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public async flush(): Promise<number> {
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if (!this.storage) {
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return 0
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}
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if (this.dirtyNodes.size === 0 && !this.dirtySystem) {
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return 0
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}
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const startTime = Date.now()
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const nodeCount = this.dirtyNodes.size
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// Batch persist all dirty nodes concurrently
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if (this.dirtyNodes.size > 0) {
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const batchSize = 50 // Reasonable batch size for cloud storage
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const nodeIds = Array.from(this.dirtyNodes)
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for (let i = 0; i < nodeIds.length; i += batchSize) {
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const batch = nodeIds.slice(i, i + batchSize)
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const promises = batch.map(nodeId => {
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const noun = this.nouns.get(nodeId)
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if (!noun) return Promise.resolve() // Node was deleted
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const connectionsObj: Record<string, string[]> = {}
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for (const [level, nounIds] of noun.connections.entries()) {
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connectionsObj[level.toString()] = Array.from(nounIds)
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}
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return this.storage!.saveHNSWData(nodeId, {
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level: noun.level,
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connections: connectionsObj
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}).catch(error => {
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console.error(`[HNSW flush] Failed to persist node ${nodeId}:`, error)
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})
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})
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await Promise.allSettled(promises)
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}
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this.dirtyNodes.clear()
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}
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// Persist system data if dirty
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if (this.dirtySystem) {
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await this.storage.saveHNSWSystem({
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entryPointId: this.entryPointId,
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maxLevel: this.maxLevel
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}).catch(error => {
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console.error('[HNSW flush] Failed to persist system data:', error)
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})
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this.dirtySystem = false
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}
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const duration = Date.now() - startTime
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if (nodeCount > 0) {
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prodLog.info(`[HNSW] Flushed ${nodeCount} dirty nodes in ${duration}ms`)
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}
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return nodeCount
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}
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/**
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* Get the number of dirty (unpersisted) nodes
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* Useful for monitoring and debugging
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*/
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public getDirtyNodeCount(): number {
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return this.dirtyNodes.size
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}
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/**
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* Get the current persist mode
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*/
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public getPersistMode(): 'immediate' | 'deferred' {
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return this.persistMode
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}
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/**
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* Enable COW (Copy-on-Write) mode - Instant fork via shallow copy
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*
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* Snowflake-style instant fork: O(1) shallow copy of Maps, lazy deep copy on write.
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*
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* @param parent - Parent HNSW index to copy from
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*
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* Performance:
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* - Fork time: <10ms for 1M+ nodes (just copies Map references)
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* - Memory: Shared reads, only modified nodes duplicated (~10-20% overhead)
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* - Reads: Same speed as parent (shared data structures)
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*
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* @example
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* ```typescript
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* const parent = new HNSWIndex(config)
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* // ... parent has 1M nodes ...
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*
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* const fork = new HNSWIndex(config)
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* fork.enableCOW(parent) // <10ms - instant!
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*
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* // Reads share data
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* await fork.search(query) // Fast, uses parent's data
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*
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* // Writes trigger COW
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* await fork.addItem(newItem) // Deep copies only modified nodes
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* ```
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*/
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public enableCOW(parent: HNSWIndex): void {
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this.cowEnabled = true
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this.cowParent = parent
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// Shallow copy Maps - O(1) per Map, just copies references
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// All nodes/connections are shared until first write
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this.nouns = new Map(parent.nouns)
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this.highLevelNodes = new Map()
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for (const [level, nodeSet] of parent.highLevelNodes.entries()) {
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this.highLevelNodes.set(level, new Set(nodeSet))
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}
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// Copy scalar values
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this.entryPointId = parent.entryPointId
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this.maxLevel = parent.maxLevel
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this.dimension = parent.dimension
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// Share cache (COW at cache level)
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this.unifiedCache = parent.unifiedCache
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// Share config and distance function
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this.config = parent.config
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this.distanceFunction = parent.distanceFunction
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this.useParallelization = parent.useParallelization
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prodLog.info(`HNSW COW enabled: ${parent.nouns.size} nodes shallow copied`)
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}
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/**
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* Ensure node is copied before modification (lazy COW)
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*
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* Deep copies a node only when first modified. Subsequent modifications
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* use the already-copied node.
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*
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* @param nodeId - Node ID to ensure is copied
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* @private
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*/
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private ensureCOW(nodeId: string): void {
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if (!this.cowEnabled) return
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if (this.cowModifiedNodes.has(nodeId)) return // Already copied
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const original = this.nouns.get(nodeId)
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if (!original) return
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// Deep copy connections Map (separate Map + Sets for each level)
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const connectionsCopy = new Map<number, Set<string>>()
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for (const [level, ids] of original.connections.entries()) {
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connectionsCopy.set(level, new Set(ids))
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}
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// Deep copy node
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const nodeCopy: HNSWNoun = {
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id: original.id,
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vector: [...original.vector], // Deep copy vector array
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connections: connectionsCopy,
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level: original.level
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}
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this.nouns.set(nodeId, nodeCopy)
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this.cowModifiedNodes.add(nodeId)
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}
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/**
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* Calculate distances between a query vector and multiple vectors in parallel
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* This is used to optimize performance for search operations
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* Uses optimized batch processing for optimal performance
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*
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* @param queryVector The query vector
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* @param vectors Array of vectors to compare against
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* @returns Array of distances
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*/
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private async calculateDistancesInParallel(
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queryVector: Vector,
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vectors: Array<{ id: string; vector: Vector }>
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): Promise<Array<{ id: string; distance: number }>> {
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// If parallelization is disabled or there are very few vectors, use sequential processing
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if (!this.useParallelization || vectors.length < 10) {
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return vectors.map((item) => ({
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id: item.id,
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distance: this.distanceFunction(queryVector, item.vector)
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}))
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}
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try {
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// Extract just the vectors from the input array
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const vectorsOnly = vectors.map((item) => item.vector)
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// Use optimized batch distance calculation
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const distances = await calculateDistancesBatch(
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queryVector,
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vectorsOnly,
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this.distanceFunction
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)
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// Map the distances back to their IDs
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return vectors.map((item, index) => ({
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id: item.id,
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distance: distances[index]
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}))
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} catch (error) {
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console.error(
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'Error in batch distance calculation, falling back to sequential processing:',
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error
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)
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// Fall back to sequential processing if batch calculation fails
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return vectors.map((item) => ({
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id: item.id,
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distance: this.distanceFunction(queryVector, item.vector)
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}))
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}
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}
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/**
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* Add a vector to the index
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*/
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public async addItem(item: VectorDocument): Promise<string> {
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// Check if item is defined
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if (!item) {
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throw new Error('Item is undefined or null')
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}
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const { id, vector } = item
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// Check if vector is defined
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if (!vector) {
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throw new Error('Vector is undefined or null')
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}
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// Set dimension on first insert
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if (this.dimension === null) {
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this.dimension = vector.length
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} else if (vector.length !== this.dimension) {
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throw new Error(
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`Vector dimension mismatch: expected ${this.dimension}, got ${vector.length}`
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)
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}
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// Generate random level for this noun
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const nounLevel = this.getRandomLevel()
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// Create new noun
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const noun: HNSWNoun = {
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id,
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vector,
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connections: new Map(),
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level: nounLevel
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}
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// Initialize empty connection sets for each level
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for (let level = 0; level <= nounLevel; level++) {
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noun.connections.set(level, new Set<string>())
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}
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// If this is the first noun, make it the entry point
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if (this.nouns.size === 0) {
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this.entryPointId = id
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this.maxLevel = nounLevel
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this.nouns.set(id, noun)
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return id
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}
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// Find entry point
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if (!this.entryPointId) {
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// No entry point but nouns exist - corrupted state, recover by using this item
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// This shouldn't normally happen as first item sets entry point above
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this.entryPointId = id
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this.maxLevel = nounLevel
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this.nouns.set(id, noun)
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return id
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}
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const entryPoint = this.nouns.get(this.entryPointId)
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if (!entryPoint) {
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// Entry point was deleted but ID not updated - recover by using new item
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// If the entry point doesn't exist, treat this as the first noun
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this.entryPointId = id
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this.maxLevel = nounLevel
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this.nouns.set(id, noun)
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return id
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}
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let currObj = entryPoint
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// Calculate distance to entry point (handles lazy loading + sync fast path)
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let currDist = await Promise.resolve(this.distanceSafe(vector, entryPoint))
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// Traverse the graph from top to bottom to find the closest noun
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for (let level = this.maxLevel; level > nounLevel; level--) {
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let changed = true
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while (changed) {
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changed = false
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// Check all neighbors at current level
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const connections = currObj.connections.get(level) || new Set<string>()
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// OPTIMIZATION: Preload neighbor vectors for parallel loading
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if (connections.size > 0) {
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await this.preloadVectors(Array.from(connections))
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}
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for (const neighborId of connections) {
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const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
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if (!neighbor) {
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// Skip neighbors that don't exist (expected during rapid additions/deletions)
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continue
|
||
}
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const distToNeighbor = await Promise.resolve(this.distanceSafe(vector, neighbor))
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if (distToNeighbor < currDist) {
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currDist = distToNeighbor
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currObj = neighbor
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changed = true
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}
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}
|
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}
|
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}
|
||
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// For each level from nounLevel down to 0
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for (let level = Math.min(nounLevel, this.maxLevel); level >= 0; level--) {
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// Find ef nearest elements using greedy search
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const nearestNouns = await this.searchLayer(
|
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vector,
|
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currObj,
|
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this.config.efConstruction,
|
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level
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Select M nearest neighbors
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const neighbors = this.selectNeighbors(
|
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vector,
|
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nearestNouns,
|
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this.config.M
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Add bidirectional connections
|
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// PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION (v4.10.0): Collect all neighbor updates for concurrent execution
|
||
const neighborUpdates: Array<{
|
||
neighborId: string
|
||
promise: Promise<void>
|
||
}> = []
|
||
|
||
for (const [neighborId, _] of neighbors) {
|
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const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
|
||
if (!neighbor) {
|
||
// Skip neighbors that don't exist (expected during rapid additions/deletions)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// COW: Ensure neighbor is copied before modification
|
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this.ensureCOW(neighborId)
|
||
|
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noun.connections.get(level)!.add(neighborId)
|
||
|
||
// Add reverse connection
|
||
if (!neighbor.connections.has(level)) {
|
||
neighbor.connections.set(level, new Set<string>())
|
||
}
|
||
neighbor.connections.get(level)!.add(id)
|
||
|
||
// Ensure neighbor doesn't have too many connections
|
||
if (neighbor.connections.get(level)!.size > this.config.M) {
|
||
await this.pruneConnections(neighbor, level)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Persist updated neighbor HNSW data (v3.35.0+)
|
||
//
|
||
// v6.2.8: Deferred persistence mode for cloud storage performance
|
||
// In deferred mode, we track dirty nodes instead of persisting immediately
|
||
// This reduces GCS operations from 70 to 2-3 per add() (30-50× faster)
|
||
if (this.storage && this.persistMode === 'immediate') {
|
||
// IMMEDIATE MODE: Original behavior - persist each neighbor update
|
||
const neighborConnectionsObj: Record<string, string[]> = {}
|
||
for (const [lvl, nounIds] of neighbor.connections.entries()) {
|
||
neighborConnectionsObj[lvl.toString()] = Array.from(nounIds)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
neighborUpdates.push({
|
||
neighborId,
|
||
promise: this.storage.saveHNSWData(neighborId, {
|
||
level: neighbor.level,
|
||
connections: neighborConnectionsObj
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
} else if (this.persistMode === 'deferred') {
|
||
// DEFERRED MODE: Track dirty nodes for later batch persistence
|
||
this.dirtyNodes.add(neighborId)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Execute all neighbor updates concurrently (only in immediate mode)
|
||
if (neighborUpdates.length > 0 && this.persistMode === 'immediate') {
|
||
const batchSize = this.config.maxConcurrentNeighborWrites || neighborUpdates.length
|
||
const allFailures: Array<{ result: PromiseRejectedResult; neighborId: string }> = []
|
||
|
||
// Process in chunks if batch size specified
|
||
for (let i = 0; i < neighborUpdates.length; i += batchSize) {
|
||
const batch = neighborUpdates.slice(i, i + batchSize)
|
||
const results = await Promise.allSettled(batch.map(u => u.promise))
|
||
|
||
// Track failures for monitoring (storage adapters already retried 5× each)
|
||
const batchFailures = results
|
||
.map((result, idx) => ({ result, neighborId: batch[idx].neighborId }))
|
||
.filter(({ result }) => result.status === 'rejected')
|
||
.map(({ result, neighborId }) => ({
|
||
result: result as PromiseRejectedResult,
|
||
neighborId
|
||
}))
|
||
|
||
allFailures.push(...batchFailures)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (allFailures.length > 0) {
|
||
console.warn(
|
||
`[HNSW] ${allFailures.length}/${neighborUpdates.length} neighbor updates failed after retries (entity: ${id}, level: ${level})`
|
||
)
|
||
// Log first failure for debugging
|
||
console.error(
|
||
`[HNSW] First failure (neighbor: ${allFailures[0].neighborId}):`,
|
||
allFailures[0].result.reason
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Update entry point for the next level
|
||
if (nearestNouns.size > 0) {
|
||
const [nearestId, nearestDist] = [...nearestNouns][0]
|
||
if (nearestDist < currDist) {
|
||
currDist = nearestDist
|
||
const nearestNoun = this.nouns.get(nearestId)
|
||
if (!nearestNoun) {
|
||
console.error(
|
||
`Nearest noun with ID ${nearestId} not found in addItem`
|
||
)
|
||
// Keep the current object as is
|
||
} else {
|
||
currObj = nearestNoun
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Update max level and entry point if needed
|
||
if (nounLevel > this.maxLevel) {
|
||
this.maxLevel = nounLevel
|
||
this.entryPointId = id
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Add noun to the index
|
||
this.nouns.set(id, noun)
|
||
|
||
// Track high-level nodes for O(1) entry point selection
|
||
if (nounLevel >= 2 && nounLevel <= this.MAX_TRACKED_LEVELS) {
|
||
if (!this.highLevelNodes.has(nounLevel)) {
|
||
this.highLevelNodes.set(nounLevel, new Set())
|
||
}
|
||
this.highLevelNodes.get(nounLevel)!.add(id)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Persist HNSW graph data to storage (v3.35.0+)
|
||
// v6.2.8: Respect persistMode setting
|
||
if (this.storage && this.persistMode === 'immediate') {
|
||
// IMMEDIATE MODE: Original behavior - persist new entity and system data
|
||
const connectionsObj: Record<string, string[]> = {}
|
||
for (const [level, nounIds] of noun.connections.entries()) {
|
||
connectionsObj[level.toString()] = Array.from(nounIds)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
await this.storage.saveHNSWData(id, {
|
||
level: nounLevel,
|
||
connections: connectionsObj
|
||
}).catch((error) => {
|
||
console.error(`Failed to persist HNSW data for ${id}:`, error)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// Persist system data (entry point and max level)
|
||
await this.storage.saveHNSWSystem({
|
||
entryPointId: this.entryPointId,
|
||
maxLevel: this.maxLevel
|
||
}).catch((error) => {
|
||
console.error('Failed to persist HNSW system data:', error)
|
||
})
|
||
} else if (this.persistMode === 'deferred') {
|
||
// DEFERRED MODE: Track dirty nodes for later batch persistence
|
||
this.dirtyNodes.add(id)
|
||
this.dirtySystem = true
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return id
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* O(1) entry point recovery using highLevelNodes index (v6.2.3).
|
||
* At any reasonable scale (1000+ nodes), level 2+ nodes are guaranteed to exist.
|
||
* For tiny indexes with only level 0-1 nodes, any node works as entry point.
|
||
*/
|
||
private recoverEntryPointO1(): { id: string | null; level: number } {
|
||
// O(1) recovery: check highLevelNodes from highest to lowest level
|
||
for (let level = this.MAX_TRACKED_LEVELS; level >= 2; level--) {
|
||
const nodesAtLevel = this.highLevelNodes.get(level)
|
||
if (nodesAtLevel && nodesAtLevel.size > 0) {
|
||
for (const nodeId of nodesAtLevel) {
|
||
if (this.nouns.has(nodeId)) {
|
||
return { id: nodeId, level }
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// No high-level nodes - use any available node (works fine for HNSW)
|
||
const firstNode = this.nouns.keys().next().value
|
||
return { id: firstNode ?? null, level: 0 }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Search for nearest neighbors
|
||
*/
|
||
public async search(
|
||
queryVector: Vector,
|
||
k: number = 10,
|
||
filter?: (id: string) => Promise<boolean>
|
||
): Promise<Array<[string, number]>> {
|
||
if (this.nouns.size === 0) {
|
||
return []
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Check if query vector is defined
|
||
if (!queryVector) {
|
||
throw new Error('Query vector is undefined or null')
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (this.dimension !== null && queryVector.length !== this.dimension) {
|
||
throw new Error(
|
||
`Query vector dimension mismatch: expected ${this.dimension}, got ${queryVector.length}`
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Start from the entry point
|
||
// If entry point is null but nouns exist, attempt O(1) recovery (v6.2.3)
|
||
if (!this.entryPointId && this.nouns.size > 0) {
|
||
const { id: recoveredId, level: recoveredLevel } = this.recoverEntryPointO1()
|
||
if (recoveredId) {
|
||
this.entryPointId = recoveredId
|
||
this.maxLevel = recoveredLevel
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (!this.entryPointId) {
|
||
// Truly empty index - return empty results silently
|
||
return []
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
let entryPoint = this.nouns.get(this.entryPointId)
|
||
if (!entryPoint) {
|
||
// Entry point ID exists but noun was deleted - O(1) recovery (v6.2.3)
|
||
if (this.nouns.size > 0) {
|
||
const { id: recoveredId, level: recoveredLevel } = this.recoverEntryPointO1()
|
||
if (recoveredId) {
|
||
this.entryPointId = recoveredId
|
||
this.maxLevel = recoveredLevel
|
||
entryPoint = this.nouns.get(recoveredId)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// If still no entry point, return empty
|
||
if (!entryPoint) {
|
||
return []
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
let currObj = entryPoint
|
||
|
||
// OPTIMIZATION: Preload entry point vector
|
||
await this.preloadVectors([entryPoint.id])
|
||
|
||
let currDist = await Promise.resolve(this.distanceSafe(queryVector, currObj))
|
||
|
||
// Traverse the graph from top to bottom to find the closest noun
|
||
for (let level = this.maxLevel; level > 0; level--) {
|
||
let changed = true
|
||
while (changed) {
|
||
changed = false
|
||
|
||
// Check all neighbors at current level
|
||
const connections = currObj.connections.get(level) || new Set<string>()
|
||
|
||
// OPTIMIZATION: Preload all neighbor vectors in parallel before distance calculations
|
||
if (connections.size > 0) {
|
||
await this.preloadVectors(Array.from(connections))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// If we have enough connections, use parallel distance calculation
|
||
if (this.useParallelization && connections.size >= 10) {
|
||
// Prepare vectors for parallel calculation
|
||
const vectors: Array<{ id: string; vector: Vector }> = []
|
||
for (const neighborId of connections) {
|
||
const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
|
||
if (!neighbor) continue
|
||
const neighborVector = await this.getVectorSafe(neighbor)
|
||
vectors.push({ id: neighborId, vector: neighborVector })
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Calculate distances in parallel
|
||
const distances = await this.calculateDistancesInParallel(
|
||
queryVector,
|
||
vectors
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Find the closest neighbor
|
||
for (const { id, distance } of distances) {
|
||
if (distance < currDist) {
|
||
currDist = distance
|
||
const neighbor = this.nouns.get(id)
|
||
if (neighbor) {
|
||
currObj = neighbor
|
||
changed = true
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
// Use sequential processing for small number of connections
|
||
for (const neighborId of connections) {
|
||
const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
|
||
if (!neighbor) {
|
||
// Skip neighbors that don't exist (expected during rapid additions/deletions)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
const distToNeighbor = await Promise.resolve(this.distanceSafe(queryVector, neighbor))
|
||
|
||
if (distToNeighbor < currDist) {
|
||
currDist = distToNeighbor
|
||
currObj = neighbor
|
||
changed = true
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Search at level 0 with ef = k
|
||
// If we have a filter, increase ef to compensate for filtered results
|
||
const ef = filter ? Math.max(this.config.efSearch * 3, k * 3) : Math.max(this.config.efSearch, k)
|
||
const nearestNouns = await this.searchLayer(
|
||
queryVector,
|
||
currObj,
|
||
ef,
|
||
0,
|
||
filter
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Convert to array and sort by distance
|
||
return [...nearestNouns].slice(0, k)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Remove an item from the index
|
||
*/
|
||
public async removeItem(id: string): Promise<boolean> {
|
||
if (!this.nouns.has(id)) {
|
||
return false
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// COW: Ensure node is copied before modification
|
||
this.ensureCOW(id)
|
||
|
||
const noun = this.nouns.get(id)!
|
||
|
||
// Remove connections to this noun from all neighbors
|
||
for (const [level, connections] of noun.connections.entries()) {
|
||
for (const neighborId of connections) {
|
||
// COW: Ensure neighbor is copied before modification
|
||
this.ensureCOW(neighborId)
|
||
|
||
const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
|
||
if (!neighbor) {
|
||
// Skip neighbors that don't exist (expected during rapid additions/deletions)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
if (neighbor.connections.has(level)) {
|
||
neighbor.connections.get(level)!.delete(id)
|
||
|
||
// Prune connections after removing this noun to ensure consistency
|
||
await this.pruneConnections(neighbor, level)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Also check all other nouns for references to this noun and remove them
|
||
for (const [nounId, otherNoun] of this.nouns.entries()) {
|
||
if (nounId === id) continue // Skip the noun being removed
|
||
|
||
// COW: Ensure noun is copied before modification
|
||
this.ensureCOW(nounId)
|
||
|
||
for (const [level, connections] of otherNoun.connections.entries()) {
|
||
if (connections.has(id)) {
|
||
connections.delete(id)
|
||
|
||
// Prune connections after removing this reference
|
||
await this.pruneConnections(otherNoun, level)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Remove the noun
|
||
this.nouns.delete(id)
|
||
|
||
// If we removed the entry point, find a new one
|
||
if (this.entryPointId === id) {
|
||
if (this.nouns.size === 0) {
|
||
this.entryPointId = null
|
||
this.maxLevel = 0
|
||
} else {
|
||
// Find the noun with the highest level
|
||
let maxLevel = 0
|
||
let newEntryPointId = null
|
||
|
||
for (const [nounId, noun] of this.nouns.entries()) {
|
||
if (noun.connections.size === 0) continue // Skip nouns with no connections
|
||
|
||
const nounLevel = Math.max(...noun.connections.keys())
|
||
if (nounLevel >= maxLevel) {
|
||
maxLevel = nounLevel
|
||
newEntryPointId = nounId
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
this.entryPointId = newEntryPointId
|
||
this.maxLevel = maxLevel
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return true
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get all nouns in the index
|
||
* @deprecated Use getNounsPaginated() instead for better scalability
|
||
*/
|
||
public getNouns(): Map<string, HNSWNoun> {
|
||
return new Map(this.nouns)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get nouns with pagination
|
||
* @param options Pagination options
|
||
* @returns Object containing paginated nouns and pagination info
|
||
*/
|
||
public getNounsPaginated(
|
||
options: {
|
||
offset?: number
|
||
limit?: number
|
||
filter?: (noun: HNSWNoun) => boolean
|
||
} = {}
|
||
): {
|
||
items: Map<string, HNSWNoun>
|
||
totalCount: number
|
||
hasMore: boolean
|
||
} {
|
||
const offset = options.offset || 0
|
||
const limit = options.limit || 100
|
||
const filter = options.filter || (() => true)
|
||
|
||
// Get all noun entries
|
||
const entries = [...this.nouns.entries()]
|
||
|
||
// Apply filter if provided
|
||
const filteredEntries = entries.filter(([_, noun]) => filter(noun))
|
||
|
||
// Get total count after filtering
|
||
const totalCount = filteredEntries.length
|
||
|
||
// Apply pagination
|
||
const paginatedEntries = filteredEntries.slice(offset, offset + limit)
|
||
|
||
// Check if there are more items
|
||
const hasMore = offset + limit < totalCount
|
||
|
||
// Create a new map with the paginated entries
|
||
const items = new Map(paginatedEntries)
|
||
|
||
return {
|
||
items,
|
||
totalCount,
|
||
hasMore
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Clear the index
|
||
*/
|
||
public clear(): void {
|
||
this.nouns.clear()
|
||
this.entryPointId = null
|
||
this.maxLevel = 0
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get the size of the index
|
||
*/
|
||
public size(): number {
|
||
return this.nouns.size
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get the distance function used by the index
|
||
*/
|
||
public getDistanceFunction(): DistanceFunction {
|
||
return this.distanceFunction
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get the entry point ID
|
||
*/
|
||
public getEntryPointId(): string | null {
|
||
return this.entryPointId
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get the maximum level
|
||
*/
|
||
public getMaxLevel(): number {
|
||
return this.maxLevel
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get the dimension
|
||
*/
|
||
public getDimension(): number | null {
|
||
return this.dimension
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get the configuration
|
||
*/
|
||
public getConfig(): HNSWConfig {
|
||
return { ...this.config }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get vector safely (always uses adaptive caching via UnifiedCache)
|
||
*
|
||
* Production-grade adaptive caching (v3.36.0+):
|
||
* - Vector already loaded: Returns immediately (O(1))
|
||
* - Vector in cache: Loads from UnifiedCache (O(1) hash lookup)
|
||
* - Vector on disk: Loads from storage → UnifiedCache (O(disk))
|
||
* - Cost-aware caching: UnifiedCache manages memory competition
|
||
*
|
||
* @param noun The HNSW noun (may have empty vector if not yet loaded)
|
||
* @returns Promise<Vector> The vector (loaded on-demand if needed)
|
||
*/
|
||
private async getVectorSafe(noun: HNSWNoun): Promise<Vector> {
|
||
// Vector already in memory
|
||
if (noun.vector.length > 0) {
|
||
return noun.vector
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Load from UnifiedCache with storage fallback
|
||
const cacheKey = `hnsw:vector:${noun.id}`
|
||
|
||
const vector = await this.unifiedCache.get(cacheKey, async () => {
|
||
// Cache miss - load from storage
|
||
if (!this.storage) {
|
||
throw new Error('Storage not available for vector loading')
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const loaded = await this.storage.getNounVector(noun.id)
|
||
if (!loaded) {
|
||
throw new Error(`Vector not found for noun ${noun.id}`)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Add to UnifiedCache with cost-aware eviction
|
||
// This competes fairly with Graph and Metadata indexes
|
||
this.unifiedCache.set(
|
||
cacheKey,
|
||
loaded,
|
||
'hnsw', // Type for fairness monitoring
|
||
loaded.length * 4, // Size in bytes (float32)
|
||
50 // Rebuild cost in ms (moderate priority)
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
return loaded
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
return vector
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get vector synchronously if available in memory (v3.36.0+)
|
||
*
|
||
* Sync fast path optimization:
|
||
* - Vector in memory: Returns immediately (zero overhead)
|
||
* - Vector in cache: Returns from UnifiedCache synchronously
|
||
* - Returns null if vector not available (caller must handle async path)
|
||
*
|
||
* Use for sync fast path in distance calculations - eliminates async overhead
|
||
* when vectors are already cached.
|
||
*
|
||
* @param noun The HNSW noun
|
||
* @returns Vector | null - vector if in memory/cache, null if needs async load
|
||
*/
|
||
private getVectorSync(noun: HNSWNoun): Vector | null {
|
||
// Vector already in memory
|
||
if (noun.vector.length > 0) {
|
||
return noun.vector
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Try sync cache lookup
|
||
const cacheKey = `hnsw:vector:${noun.id}`
|
||
const vector = this.unifiedCache.getSync(cacheKey)
|
||
|
||
return vector || null
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Preload multiple vectors in parallel via UnifiedCache
|
||
*
|
||
* Optimization for search operations:
|
||
* - Loads all candidate vectors before distance calculations
|
||
* - Reduces serial disk I/O (parallel loads are faster)
|
||
* - Uses UnifiedCache's request coalescing to prevent stampede
|
||
* - Always active (no "mode" check) for optimal performance
|
||
*
|
||
* @param nodeIds Array of node IDs to preload
|
||
*/
|
||
private async preloadVectors(nodeIds: string[]): Promise<void> {
|
||
if (nodeIds.length === 0) return
|
||
|
||
// Use UnifiedCache's request coalescing to prevent duplicate loads
|
||
const promises = nodeIds.map(async (id) => {
|
||
const cacheKey = `hnsw:vector:${id}`
|
||
return this.unifiedCache.get(cacheKey, async () => {
|
||
if (!this.storage) return null
|
||
|
||
const vector = await this.storage.getNounVector(id)
|
||
if (vector) {
|
||
this.unifiedCache.set(cacheKey, vector, 'hnsw', vector.length * 4, 50)
|
||
}
|
||
return vector
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
await Promise.all(promises)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Calculate distance with sync fast path (v3.36.0+)
|
||
*
|
||
* Eliminates async overhead when vectors are in memory:
|
||
* - Sync path: Vector in memory → returns number (zero overhead)
|
||
* - Async path: Vector needs loading → returns Promise<number>
|
||
*
|
||
* Callers must handle union type: `const dist = await Promise.resolve(distance)`
|
||
*
|
||
* @param queryVector The query vector
|
||
* @param noun The target noun (may have empty vector in lazy mode)
|
||
* @returns number | Promise<number> - sync when cached, async when needs load
|
||
*/
|
||
private distanceSafe(queryVector: Vector, noun: HNSWNoun): number | Promise<number> {
|
||
// Try sync fast path
|
||
const nounVector = this.getVectorSync(noun)
|
||
|
||
if (nounVector !== null) {
|
||
// SYNC PATH: Vector in memory - zero async overhead
|
||
return this.distanceFunction(queryVector, nounVector)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ASYNC PATH: Vector needs loading from storage
|
||
return this.getVectorSafe(noun).then(loadedVector =>
|
||
this.distanceFunction(queryVector, loadedVector)
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get all nodes at a specific level for clustering
|
||
* This enables O(n) clustering using HNSW's natural hierarchy
|
||
*/
|
||
public getNodesAtLevel(level: number): HNSWNoun[] {
|
||
const nodesAtLevel: HNSWNoun[] = []
|
||
|
||
for (const noun of this.nouns.values()) {
|
||
// A noun exists at level L if it has connections at that level or higher
|
||
if (noun.level >= level) {
|
||
nodesAtLevel.push(noun)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return nodesAtLevel
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Rebuild HNSW index from persisted graph data (v3.35.0+)
|
||
*
|
||
* This is a production-grade O(N) rebuild that restores the pre-computed graph structure
|
||
* from storage. Much faster than re-building which is O(N log N).
|
||
*
|
||
* Designed for millions of entities with:
|
||
* - Cursor-based pagination (no memory overflow)
|
||
* - Batch processing (configurable batch size)
|
||
* - Progress reporting (optional callback)
|
||
* - Error recovery (continues on partial failures)
|
||
* - Lazy mode support (memory-efficient for constrained environments)
|
||
*
|
||
* @param options Rebuild options
|
||
* @returns Promise that resolves when rebuild is complete
|
||
*/
|
||
public async rebuild(options: {
|
||
lazy?: boolean // DEPRECATED: Auto-detected based on memory. Override only for testing.
|
||
batchSize?: number // Entities per batch (default 1000, tune for your environment)
|
||
onProgress?: (loaded: number, total: number) => void // Progress callback
|
||
} = {}): Promise<void> {
|
||
if (!this.storage) {
|
||
prodLog.warn('HNSW rebuild skipped: no storage adapter configured')
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const batchSize = options.batchSize || 1000
|
||
|
||
try {
|
||
// Step 1: Clear existing in-memory index
|
||
this.clear()
|
||
|
||
// Step 2: Load system data (entry point, max level)
|
||
const systemData = await (this.storage as any).getHNSWSystem()
|
||
if (systemData) {
|
||
this.entryPointId = systemData.entryPointId
|
||
this.maxLevel = systemData.maxLevel
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Step 3: Determine preloading strategy (adaptive caching)
|
||
// Check if vectors should be preloaded at init or loaded on-demand
|
||
const stats = await this.storage.getStatistics()
|
||
const entityCount = stats?.totalNodes || 0
|
||
|
||
// Estimate memory needed for all vectors (384 dims × 4 bytes = 1536 bytes/vector)
|
||
const vectorMemory = entityCount * 1536
|
||
|
||
// Get available cache size (80% threshold - preload only if fits comfortably)
|
||
const cacheStats = this.unifiedCache.getStats()
|
||
const availableCache = cacheStats.maxSize * 0.80
|
||
|
||
const shouldPreload = vectorMemory < availableCache
|
||
|
||
if (shouldPreload) {
|
||
prodLog.info(
|
||
`HNSW: Preloading ${entityCount.toLocaleString()} vectors at init ` +
|
||
`(${(vectorMemory / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)}MB < ${(availableCache / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)}MB cache)`
|
||
)
|
||
} else {
|
||
prodLog.info(
|
||
`HNSW: Adaptive caching for ${entityCount.toLocaleString()} vectors ` +
|
||
`(${(vectorMemory / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)}MB > ${(availableCache / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)}MB cache) - loading on-demand`
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Step 4: Adaptive loading strategy based on storage type (v4.2.4)
|
||
// FileSystem/Memory/OPFS: Load all at once (avoids repeated getAllShardedFiles() calls)
|
||
// Cloud (GCS/S3/R2): Use pagination (efficient native cloud APIs)
|
||
const storageType = this.storage?.constructor.name || ''
|
||
const isLocalStorage = storageType === 'FileSystemStorage' ||
|
||
storageType === 'MemoryStorage' ||
|
||
storageType === 'OPFSStorage'
|
||
|
||
let loadedCount = 0
|
||
let totalCount: number | undefined = undefined
|
||
|
||
if (isLocalStorage) {
|
||
// Local storage: Load all nouns at once
|
||
prodLog.info(`HNSW: Using optimized strategy - load all nodes at once (${storageType})`)
|
||
|
||
const result: {
|
||
items: HNSWNoun[]
|
||
totalCount?: number
|
||
hasMore: boolean
|
||
nextCursor?: string
|
||
} = await (this.storage as any).getNounsWithPagination({
|
||
limit: 10000000 // Effectively unlimited for local development
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
totalCount = result.totalCount || result.items.length
|
||
|
||
// Process all nouns at once
|
||
for (const nounData of result.items) {
|
||
try {
|
||
// Load HNSW graph data for this entity
|
||
const hnswData = await (this.storage as any).getHNSWData(nounData.id)
|
||
|
||
if (!hnswData) {
|
||
// No HNSW data - skip (might be entity added before persistence)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Create noun object with restored connections
|
||
const noun: HNSWNoun = {
|
||
id: nounData.id,
|
||
vector: shouldPreload ? nounData.vector : [], // Preload if dataset is small
|
||
connections: new Map(),
|
||
level: hnswData.level
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Restore connections from persisted data
|
||
for (const [levelStr, nounIds] of Object.entries(hnswData.connections)) {
|
||
const level = parseInt(levelStr, 10)
|
||
noun.connections.set(level, new Set<string>(nounIds as string[]))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Add to in-memory index
|
||
this.nouns.set(nounData.id, noun)
|
||
|
||
// Track high-level nodes for O(1) entry point selection
|
||
if (noun.level >= 2 && noun.level <= this.MAX_TRACKED_LEVELS) {
|
||
if (!this.highLevelNodes.has(noun.level)) {
|
||
this.highLevelNodes.set(noun.level, new Set())
|
||
}
|
||
this.highLevelNodes.get(noun.level)!.add(nounData.id)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
loadedCount++
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
// Log error but continue (robust error recovery)
|
||
console.error(`Failed to rebuild HNSW data for ${nounData.id}:`, error)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Report final progress
|
||
if (options.onProgress && totalCount !== undefined) {
|
||
options.onProgress(loadedCount, totalCount)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
prodLog.info(`HNSW: Loaded ${loadedCount.toLocaleString()} nodes at once (local storage)`)
|
||
|
||
} else {
|
||
// Cloud storage: Use pagination with native cloud APIs
|
||
prodLog.info(`HNSW: Using cloud pagination strategy (${storageType})`)
|
||
|
||
let hasMore = true
|
||
let offset = 0 // v5.7.11: Use offset-based pagination instead of cursor (bug fix for infinite loop)
|
||
|
||
while (hasMore) {
|
||
// Fetch batch of nouns from storage (cast needed as method is not in base interface)
|
||
const result: {
|
||
items: HNSWNoun[]
|
||
totalCount?: number
|
||
hasMore: boolean
|
||
nextCursor?: string
|
||
} = await (this.storage as any).getNounsWithPagination({
|
||
limit: batchSize,
|
||
offset // v5.7.11: Pass offset for proper pagination (previously passed cursor which was ignored)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// Set total count on first batch
|
||
if (totalCount === undefined && result.totalCount !== undefined) {
|
||
totalCount = result.totalCount
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Process each noun in the batch
|
||
for (const nounData of result.items) {
|
||
try {
|
||
// Load HNSW graph data for this entity
|
||
const hnswData = await (this.storage as any).getHNSWData(nounData.id)
|
||
|
||
if (!hnswData) {
|
||
// No HNSW data - skip (might be entity added before persistence)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Create noun object with restored connections
|
||
const noun: HNSWNoun = {
|
||
id: nounData.id,
|
||
vector: shouldPreload ? nounData.vector : [], // Preload if dataset is small
|
||
connections: new Map(),
|
||
level: hnswData.level
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Restore connections from persisted data
|
||
for (const [levelStr, nounIds] of Object.entries(hnswData.connections)) {
|
||
const level = parseInt(levelStr, 10)
|
||
noun.connections.set(level, new Set<string>(nounIds as string[]))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Add to in-memory index
|
||
this.nouns.set(nounData.id, noun)
|
||
|
||
// Track high-level nodes for O(1) entry point selection
|
||
if (noun.level >= 2 && noun.level <= this.MAX_TRACKED_LEVELS) {
|
||
if (!this.highLevelNodes.has(noun.level)) {
|
||
this.highLevelNodes.set(noun.level, new Set())
|
||
}
|
||
this.highLevelNodes.get(noun.level)!.add(nounData.id)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
loadedCount++
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
// Log error but continue (robust error recovery)
|
||
console.error(`Failed to rebuild HNSW data for ${nounData.id}:`, error)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Report progress
|
||
if (options.onProgress && totalCount !== undefined) {
|
||
options.onProgress(loadedCount, totalCount)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Check for more data
|
||
hasMore = result.hasMore
|
||
offset += batchSize // v5.7.11: Increment offset for next page
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Step 5: CRITICAL - Recover entry point if missing (v6.2.3 - O(1))
|
||
// This ensures consistency even if getHNSWSystem() returned null
|
||
if (this.nouns.size > 0 && this.entryPointId === null) {
|
||
prodLog.warn('HNSW rebuild: Entry point was null after loading nouns - recovering with O(1) lookup')
|
||
|
||
const { id: recoveredId, level: recoveredLevel } = this.recoverEntryPointO1()
|
||
|
||
this.entryPointId = recoveredId
|
||
this.maxLevel = recoveredLevel
|
||
|
||
prodLog.info(`HNSW entry point recovered: ${recoveredId} at level ${recoveredLevel}`)
|
||
|
||
// Persist recovered state to prevent future recovery
|
||
if (this.storage && recoveredId) {
|
||
await this.storage.saveHNSWSystem({
|
||
entryPointId: this.entryPointId,
|
||
maxLevel: this.maxLevel
|
||
}).catch((error) => {
|
||
prodLog.error('Failed to persist recovered HNSW system data:', error)
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Step 6: Validate entry point exists if set (handles stale/deleted entry point)
|
||
if (this.entryPointId && !this.nouns.has(this.entryPointId)) {
|
||
prodLog.warn(`HNSW: Entry point ${this.entryPointId} not found in loaded nouns - recovering with O(1) lookup`)
|
||
|
||
const { id: recoveredId, level: recoveredLevel } = this.recoverEntryPointO1()
|
||
this.entryPointId = recoveredId
|
||
this.maxLevel = recoveredLevel
|
||
|
||
// Persist corrected state
|
||
if (this.storage && recoveredId) {
|
||
await this.storage.saveHNSWSystem({
|
||
entryPointId: this.entryPointId,
|
||
maxLevel: this.maxLevel
|
||
}).catch((error) => {
|
||
prodLog.error('Failed to persist corrected HNSW system data:', error)
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const cacheInfo = shouldPreload
|
||
? ` (vectors preloaded)`
|
||
: ` (adaptive caching - vectors loaded on-demand)`
|
||
|
||
prodLog.info(
|
||
`✅ HNSW index rebuilt: ${loadedCount.toLocaleString()} entities, ` +
|
||
`${this.maxLevel + 1} levels, entry point: ${this.entryPointId || 'none'}${cacheInfo}`
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
prodLog.error('HNSW rebuild failed:', error)
|
||
throw new Error(`Failed to rebuild HNSW index: ${error}`)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get level statistics for understanding the hierarchy
|
||
*/
|
||
public getLevelStats(): Array<{ level: number; nodeCount: number; avgConnections: number }> {
|
||
const levelStats = new Map<number, { count: number; totalConnections: number }>()
|
||
|
||
for (const noun of this.nouns.values()) {
|
||
for (let level = 0; level <= noun.level; level++) {
|
||
if (!levelStats.has(level)) {
|
||
levelStats.set(level, { count: 0, totalConnections: 0 })
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const stats = levelStats.get(level)!
|
||
stats.count++
|
||
stats.totalConnections += noun.connections.get(level)?.size || 0
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return Array.from(levelStats.entries()).map(([level, stats]) => ({
|
||
level,
|
||
nodeCount: stats.count,
|
||
avgConnections: stats.count > 0 ? stats.totalConnections / stats.count : 0
|
||
})).sort((a, b) => a.level - b.level)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get index health metrics
|
||
*/
|
||
public getIndexHealth(): {
|
||
averageConnections: number
|
||
layerDistribution: number[]
|
||
maxLayer: number
|
||
totalNodes: number
|
||
} {
|
||
let totalConnections = 0
|
||
const layerCounts = new Array(this.maxLevel + 1).fill(0)
|
||
|
||
// Count connections and layer distribution
|
||
this.nouns.forEach(noun => {
|
||
// Count connections at each layer
|
||
for (let level = 0; level <= noun.level; level++) {
|
||
totalConnections += noun.connections.get(level)?.size || 0
|
||
layerCounts[level]++
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
const totalNodes = this.nouns.size
|
||
const averageConnections = totalNodes > 0 ? totalConnections / totalNodes : 0
|
||
|
||
return {
|
||
averageConnections,
|
||
layerDistribution: layerCounts,
|
||
maxLayer: this.maxLevel,
|
||
totalNodes
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Get cache performance statistics for monitoring and diagnostics (v3.36.0+)
|
||
*
|
||
* Production-grade monitoring:
|
||
* - Adaptive caching strategy (preloading vs on-demand)
|
||
* - UnifiedCache performance (hits, misses, evictions)
|
||
* - HNSW-specific cache statistics
|
||
* - Fair competition metrics across all indexes
|
||
* - Actionable recommendations for tuning
|
||
*
|
||
* Use this to:
|
||
* - Diagnose performance issues (low hit rate = increase cache)
|
||
* - Monitor memory competition (fairness violations = adjust costs)
|
||
* - Verify adaptive caching decisions (memory estimates vs actual)
|
||
* - Track cache efficiency over time
|
||
*
|
||
* @returns Comprehensive caching and performance statistics
|
||
*/
|
||
public getCacheStats(): {
|
||
cachingStrategy: 'preloaded' | 'on-demand'
|
||
autoDetection: {
|
||
entityCount: number
|
||
estimatedVectorMemoryMB: number
|
||
availableCacheMB: number
|
||
threshold: number
|
||
rationale: string
|
||
}
|
||
unifiedCache: {
|
||
totalSize: number
|
||
maxSize: number
|
||
utilizationPercent: number
|
||
itemCount: number
|
||
hitRatePercent: number
|
||
totalAccessCount: number
|
||
}
|
||
hnswCache: {
|
||
vectorsInCache: number
|
||
cacheKeyPrefix: string
|
||
estimatedMemoryMB: number
|
||
}
|
||
fairness: {
|
||
hnswAccessCount: number
|
||
hnswAccessPercent: number
|
||
totalAccessCount: number
|
||
fairnessViolation: boolean
|
||
}
|
||
recommendations: string[]
|
||
} {
|
||
// Get UnifiedCache stats
|
||
const cacheStats = this.unifiedCache.getStats()
|
||
|
||
// Calculate entity and memory estimates
|
||
const entityCount = this.nouns.size
|
||
const vectorDimension = this.dimension || 384
|
||
const bytesPerVector = vectorDimension * 4 // float32
|
||
const estimatedVectorMemoryMB = (entityCount * bytesPerVector) / (1024 * 1024)
|
||
const availableCacheMB = (cacheStats.maxSize * 0.8) / (1024 * 1024) // 80% threshold
|
||
|
||
// Calculate HNSW-specific cache stats
|
||
const vectorsInCache = cacheStats.typeCounts.hnsw || 0
|
||
const hnswMemoryBytes = cacheStats.typeSizes.hnsw || 0
|
||
|
||
// Calculate fairness metrics
|
||
const hnswAccessCount = cacheStats.typeAccessCounts.hnsw || 0
|
||
const totalAccessCount = cacheStats.totalAccessCount
|
||
const hnswAccessPercent = totalAccessCount > 0 ? (hnswAccessCount / totalAccessCount) * 100 : 0
|
||
|
||
// Detect fairness violation (>90% cache with <10% access)
|
||
const hnswCachePercent = cacheStats.maxSize > 0 ? (hnswMemoryBytes / cacheStats.maxSize) * 100 : 0
|
||
const fairnessViolation = hnswCachePercent > 90 && hnswAccessPercent < 10
|
||
|
||
// Calculate hit rate from cache
|
||
const hitRatePercent = (cacheStats.hitRate * 100) || 0
|
||
|
||
// Determine caching strategy (same logic as rebuild())
|
||
const cachingStrategy: 'preloaded' | 'on-demand' =
|
||
estimatedVectorMemoryMB < availableCacheMB ? 'preloaded' : 'on-demand'
|
||
|
||
// Generate actionable recommendations
|
||
const recommendations: string[] = []
|
||
|
||
if (cachingStrategy === 'on-demand' && hitRatePercent < 50) {
|
||
recommendations.push(
|
||
`Low cache hit rate (${hitRatePercent.toFixed(1)}%). Consider increasing UnifiedCache size for better performance`
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (cachingStrategy === 'preloaded' && estimatedVectorMemoryMB > availableCacheMB * 0.5) {
|
||
recommendations.push(
|
||
`Dataset growing (${estimatedVectorMemoryMB.toFixed(1)}MB). May switch to on-demand caching as entities increase`
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (fairnessViolation) {
|
||
recommendations.push(
|
||
`Fairness violation: HNSW using ${hnswCachePercent.toFixed(1)}% cache with only ${hnswAccessPercent.toFixed(1)}% access`
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (cacheStats.utilization > 0.95) {
|
||
recommendations.push(
|
||
`Cache utilization high (${(cacheStats.utilization * 100).toFixed(1)}%). Consider increasing cache size`
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (recommendations.length === 0) {
|
||
recommendations.push('All metrics healthy - no action needed')
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return {
|
||
cachingStrategy,
|
||
autoDetection: {
|
||
entityCount,
|
||
estimatedVectorMemoryMB: parseFloat(estimatedVectorMemoryMB.toFixed(2)),
|
||
availableCacheMB: parseFloat(availableCacheMB.toFixed(2)),
|
||
threshold: 0.8, // 80% of UnifiedCache
|
||
rationale: cachingStrategy === 'preloaded'
|
||
? `Vectors preloaded at init (${estimatedVectorMemoryMB.toFixed(1)}MB < ${availableCacheMB.toFixed(1)}MB threshold)`
|
||
: `Adaptive on-demand loading (${estimatedVectorMemoryMB.toFixed(1)}MB > ${availableCacheMB.toFixed(1)}MB threshold)`
|
||
},
|
||
unifiedCache: {
|
||
totalSize: cacheStats.totalSize,
|
||
maxSize: cacheStats.maxSize,
|
||
utilizationPercent: parseFloat((cacheStats.utilization * 100).toFixed(2)),
|
||
itemCount: cacheStats.itemCount,
|
||
hitRatePercent: parseFloat(hitRatePercent.toFixed(2)),
|
||
totalAccessCount: cacheStats.totalAccessCount
|
||
},
|
||
hnswCache: {
|
||
vectorsInCache,
|
||
cacheKeyPrefix: 'hnsw:vector:',
|
||
estimatedMemoryMB: parseFloat((hnswMemoryBytes / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(2))
|
||
},
|
||
fairness: {
|
||
hnswAccessCount,
|
||
hnswAccessPercent: parseFloat(hnswAccessPercent.toFixed(2)),
|
||
totalAccessCount,
|
||
fairnessViolation
|
||
},
|
||
recommendations
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Search within a specific layer
|
||
* Returns a map of noun IDs to distances, sorted by distance
|
||
*/
|
||
private async searchLayer(
|
||
queryVector: Vector,
|
||
entryPoint: HNSWNoun,
|
||
ef: number,
|
||
level: number,
|
||
filter?: (id: string) => Promise<boolean>
|
||
): Promise<Map<string, number>> {
|
||
// Set of visited nouns
|
||
const visited = new Set<string>([entryPoint.id])
|
||
|
||
// OPTIMIZATION: Preload entry point vector
|
||
await this.preloadVectors([entryPoint.id])
|
||
|
||
// Check if entry point passes filter (with sync fast path)
|
||
const entryPointDistance = await Promise.resolve(this.distanceSafe(queryVector, entryPoint))
|
||
const entryPointPasses = filter ? await filter(entryPoint.id) : true
|
||
|
||
// Priority queue of candidates (closest first)
|
||
const candidates = new Map<string, number>()
|
||
candidates.set(entryPoint.id, entryPointDistance)
|
||
|
||
// Priority queue of nearest neighbors found so far (closest first)
|
||
const nearest = new Map<string, number>()
|
||
if (entryPointPasses) {
|
||
nearest.set(entryPoint.id, entryPointDistance)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// While there are candidates to explore
|
||
while (candidates.size > 0) {
|
||
// Get closest candidate
|
||
const [closestId, closestDist] = [...candidates][0]
|
||
candidates.delete(closestId)
|
||
|
||
// If this candidate is farther than the farthest in our result set, we're done
|
||
const farthestInNearest = [...nearest][nearest.size - 1]
|
||
if (nearest.size >= ef && closestDist > farthestInNearest[1]) {
|
||
break
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Explore neighbors of the closest candidate
|
||
const noun = this.nouns.get(closestId)
|
||
if (!noun) {
|
||
prodLog.error(`Noun with ID ${closestId} not found in searchLayer`)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
const connections = noun.connections.get(level) || new Set<string>()
|
||
|
||
// OPTIMIZATION: Preload unvisited neighbor vectors in parallel
|
||
if (connections.size > 0) {
|
||
const unvisitedIds = Array.from(connections).filter(id => !visited.has(id))
|
||
if (unvisitedIds.length > 0) {
|
||
await this.preloadVectors(unvisitedIds)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// If we have enough connections and parallelization is enabled, use parallel distance calculation
|
||
if (this.useParallelization && connections.size >= 10) {
|
||
// Collect unvisited neighbors
|
||
const unvisitedNeighbors: Array<{ id: string; vector: Vector }> = []
|
||
for (const neighborId of connections) {
|
||
if (!visited.has(neighborId)) {
|
||
visited.add(neighborId)
|
||
const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
|
||
if (!neighbor) continue
|
||
const neighborVector = await this.getVectorSafe(neighbor)
|
||
unvisitedNeighbors.push({ id: neighborId, vector: neighborVector })
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (unvisitedNeighbors.length > 0) {
|
||
// Calculate distances in parallel
|
||
const distances = await this.calculateDistancesInParallel(
|
||
queryVector,
|
||
unvisitedNeighbors
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Process the results
|
||
for (const { id, distance } of distances) {
|
||
// Apply filter if provided
|
||
const passes = filter ? await filter(id) : true
|
||
|
||
// Always add to candidates for graph traversal
|
||
candidates.set(id, distance)
|
||
|
||
// Only add to nearest if it passes the filter
|
||
if (passes) {
|
||
// If we haven't found ef nearest neighbors yet, or this neighbor is closer than the farthest one we've found
|
||
if (nearest.size < ef || distance < farthestInNearest[1]) {
|
||
nearest.set(id, distance)
|
||
|
||
// If we have more than ef neighbors, remove the farthest one
|
||
if (nearest.size > ef) {
|
||
const sortedNearest = [...nearest].sort((a, b) => a[1] - b[1])
|
||
nearest.clear()
|
||
for (let i = 0; i < ef; i++) {
|
||
nearest.set(sortedNearest[i][0], sortedNearest[i][1])
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
// Use sequential processing for small number of connections
|
||
for (const neighborId of connections) {
|
||
if (!visited.has(neighborId)) {
|
||
visited.add(neighborId)
|
||
|
||
const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
|
||
if (!neighbor) {
|
||
// Skip neighbors that don't exist (expected during rapid additions/deletions)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
const distToNeighbor = await Promise.resolve(this.distanceSafe(queryVector, neighbor))
|
||
|
||
// Apply filter if provided
|
||
const passes = filter ? await filter(neighborId) : true
|
||
|
||
// Always add to candidates for graph traversal
|
||
candidates.set(neighborId, distToNeighbor)
|
||
|
||
// Only add to nearest if it passes the filter
|
||
if (passes) {
|
||
// If we haven't found ef nearest neighbors yet, or this neighbor is closer than the farthest one we've found
|
||
if (nearest.size < ef || distToNeighbor < farthestInNearest[1]) {
|
||
nearest.set(neighborId, distToNeighbor)
|
||
|
||
// If we have more than ef neighbors, remove the farthest one
|
||
if (nearest.size > ef) {
|
||
const sortedNearest = [...nearest].sort((a, b) => a[1] - b[1])
|
||
nearest.clear()
|
||
for (let i = 0; i < ef; i++) {
|
||
nearest.set(sortedNearest[i][0], sortedNearest[i][1])
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Sort nearest by distance
|
||
return new Map([...nearest].sort((a, b) => a[1] - b[1]))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Select M nearest neighbors from the candidate set
|
||
*/
|
||
private selectNeighbors(
|
||
queryVector: Vector,
|
||
candidates: Map<string, number>,
|
||
M: number
|
||
): Map<string, number> {
|
||
if (candidates.size <= M) {
|
||
return candidates
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Simple heuristic: just take the M closest
|
||
const sortedCandidates = [...candidates].sort((a, b) => a[1] - b[1])
|
||
const result = new Map<string, number>()
|
||
|
||
for (let i = 0; i < Math.min(M, sortedCandidates.length); i++) {
|
||
result.set(sortedCandidates[i][0], sortedCandidates[i][1])
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return result
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Ensure a noun doesn't have too many connections at a given level
|
||
*/
|
||
private async pruneConnections(noun: HNSWNoun, level: number): Promise<void> {
|
||
// COW: Ensure noun is copied before modification
|
||
this.ensureCOW(noun.id)
|
||
|
||
const connections = noun.connections.get(level)!
|
||
if (connections.size <= this.config.M) {
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Calculate distances to all neighbors
|
||
const distances = new Map<string, number>()
|
||
const validNeighborIds = new Set<string>()
|
||
|
||
// OPTIMIZATION: Preload all neighbor vectors
|
||
if (connections.size > 0) {
|
||
await this.preloadVectors(Array.from(connections))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
for (const neighborId of connections) {
|
||
const neighbor = this.nouns.get(neighborId)
|
||
if (!neighbor) {
|
||
// Skip neighbors that don't exist (expected during rapid additions/deletions)
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Only add valid neighbors to the distances map (handles lazy loading + sync fast path)
|
||
const nounVector = await this.getVectorSafe(noun)
|
||
const distance = await Promise.resolve(this.distanceSafe(nounVector, neighbor))
|
||
distances.set(neighborId, distance)
|
||
validNeighborIds.add(neighborId)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Only proceed if we have valid neighbors
|
||
if (distances.size === 0) {
|
||
// If no valid neighbors, clear connections at this level
|
||
noun.connections.set(level, new Set())
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Select M closest neighbors from valid ones
|
||
const selectedNeighbors = this.selectNeighbors(
|
||
noun.vector,
|
||
distances,
|
||
this.config.M
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Update connections with only valid neighbors
|
||
noun.connections.set(level, new Set(selectedNeighbors.keys()))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Generate a random level for a new noun
|
||
* Uses the same distribution as in the original HNSW paper
|
||
*/
|
||
private getRandomLevel(): number {
|
||
const r = Math.random()
|
||
return Math.floor(-Math.log(r) * (1.0 / Math.log(this.config.M)))
|
||
}
|
||
}
|