brainy/src/utils/distance.ts
2025-06-24 11:41:30 -07:00

86 lines
2.7 KiB
TypeScript

/**
* Distance functions for vector similarity calculations
* Optimized for Node.js 23.11+ using enhanced array methods
*/
import { DistanceFunction, Vector } from '../coreTypes.js'
/**
* Calculates the Euclidean distance between two vectors
* Lower values indicate higher similarity
* Optimized using array methods for Node.js 23.11+
*/
export const euclideanDistance: DistanceFunction = (a: Vector, b: Vector): number => {
if (a.length !== b.length) {
throw new Error('Vectors must have the same dimensions')
}
// Use array.reduce for better performance in Node.js 23.11+
const sum = a.reduce((acc, val, i) => {
const diff = val - b[i]
return acc + (diff * diff)
}, 0)
return Math.sqrt(sum)
}
/**
* Calculates the cosine distance between two vectors
* Lower values indicate higher similarity
* Range: 0 (identical) to 2 (opposite)
* Optimized using array methods for Node.js 23.11+
*/
export const cosineDistance: DistanceFunction = (a: Vector, b: Vector): number => {
if (a.length !== b.length) {
throw new Error('Vectors must have the same dimensions')
}
// Use array.reduce to calculate all values in a single pass
const { dotProduct, normA, normB } = a.reduce((acc, val, i) => {
return {
dotProduct: acc.dotProduct + (val * b[i]),
normA: acc.normA + (val * val),
normB: acc.normB + (b[i] * b[i])
};
}, { dotProduct: 0, normA: 0, normB: 0 });
if (normA === 0 || normB === 0) {
return 2 // Maximum distance for zero vectors
}
const similarity = dotProduct / (Math.sqrt(normA) * Math.sqrt(normB))
// Convert cosine similarity (-1 to 1) to distance (0 to 2)
return 1 - similarity
}
/**
* Calculates the Manhattan (L1) distance between two vectors
* Lower values indicate higher similarity
* Optimized using array methods for Node.js 23.11+
*/
export const manhattanDistance: DistanceFunction = (a: Vector, b: Vector): number => {
if (a.length !== b.length) {
throw new Error('Vectors must have the same dimensions')
}
// Use array.reduce for better performance in Node.js 23.11+
return a.reduce((sum, val, i) => sum + Math.abs(val - b[i]), 0)
}
/**
* Calculates the dot product similarity between two vectors
* Higher values indicate higher similarity
* Converted to a distance metric (lower is better)
* Optimized using array methods for Node.js 23.11+
*/
export const dotProductDistance: DistanceFunction = (a: Vector, b: Vector): number => {
if (a.length !== b.length) {
throw new Error('Vectors must have the same dimensions')
}
// Use array.reduce for better performance in Node.js 23.11+
const dotProduct = a.reduce((sum, val, i) => sum + (val * b[i]), 0)
// Convert to a distance metric (lower is better)
return -dotProduct
}