feat: add v5.8.0 features - transactions, pagination, and comprehensive docs
**Transaction System (TIER 1.2)** - Atomic operations with automatic rollback - 36 unit tests + 35 integration tests passing - Full documentation in docs/transactions.md **Duplicate Check Optimization (TIER 1.4)** - Optimized from O(n) to O(log n) using GraphAdjacencyIndex - Uses LSM-tree for efficient lookups - Tests verify performance improvements **GraphIndex Pagination (TIER 1.5)** - Production-scale pagination for high-degree nodes - Backward compatible API - 18 pagination tests passing **Comprehensive Filter Documentation (TIER 1.6)** - Complete operator reference (15 operators) - Compound filters (anyOf, allOf, nested logic) - Common query patterns and troubleshooting guide - 642 lines of new documentation **README Updates** - Added Filter & Query Syntax Guide to Essential Reading - Added Transactions to Core Concepts section All changes tested and production-ready for v5.8.0 release. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
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docs/transactions.md
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docs/transactions.md
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# Transaction System
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**Status:** ✅ Production Ready (v5.8.0+)
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## Overview
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Brainy's transaction system provides **atomic operations** with automatic rollback on failure. All operations within a transaction either succeed completely or fail completely - there are no partial failures.
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### Key Benefits
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- **Atomicity**: All operations succeed or all rollback
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- **Consistency**: Indexes and storage remain consistent
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- **Automatic**: Transparently used by all `brain.add()`, `brain.update()`, `brain.delete()`, and `brain.relate()` operations
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- **Compatible**: Works seamlessly with COW, sharding, type-aware storage, and distributed storage
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## Architecture
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```
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User Code (brain.add(), brain.update(), etc.)
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↓
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Transaction Manager (orchestration)
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↓
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Operations (SaveNounMetadataOperation, SaveNounOperation, etc.)
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↓
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Storage Adapter (COW, sharding, type-aware routing)
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```
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### How It Works
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Every write operation in Brainy automatically uses transactions:
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```typescript
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// Internally, this uses a transaction
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const id = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Alice', role: 'Engineer' },
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type: NounType.Person
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})
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```
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**Transaction Flow:**
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1. **Begin Transaction**: TransactionManager creates new transaction
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2. **Add Operations**: Operations added to transaction (SaveNounMetadataOperation, SaveNounOperation)
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3. **Execute**: Each operation executes in sequence
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4. **Commit**: All operations succeeded → changes persist
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5. **Rollback**: Any operation failed → all changes reverted
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### Rollback Mechanism
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Each operation implements both **execute** and **undo**:
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```typescript
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class SaveNounMetadataOperation {
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async execute(): Promise<void> {
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// Save new metadata
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await this.storage.saveNounMetadata(this.id, this.metadata)
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}
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async undo(): Promise<void> {
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// Restore previous metadata (or delete if new entity)
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if (this.previousMetadata) {
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await this.storage.saveNounMetadata(this.id, this.previousMetadata)
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} else {
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await this.storage.deleteNounMetadata(this.id)
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**On failure:**
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- Operations rolled back in **reverse order**
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- Previous state fully restored
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- Indexes updated to reflect rollback
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## Compatibility with Advanced Features
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### COW (Copy-on-Write)
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✅ **Fully Compatible**
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Transactions work transparently with COW branches:
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```typescript
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// Create branch
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await brain.cow.createBranch('feature-branch')
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await brain.cow.checkout('feature-branch')
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// Add entity (uses transaction on this branch)
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const id = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Feature Entity' },
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type: NounType.Thing
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})
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// On rollback: Branch remains clean, no partial commits
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```
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**How It Works:**
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- Transactions use `StorageAdapter` interface
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- COW operates at storage layer (refManager, blobStorage, commitLog)
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- Branch isolation prevents cross-branch contamination
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- Rollback = discard uncommitted changes (COW makes this trivial)
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### Sharding
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✅ **Fully Compatible**
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Transactions work across multiple shards:
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```typescript
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// Entities with different UUID prefixes go to different shards
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const id1 = 'aaa00000-1111-4111-8111-111111111111' // Shard: aaa
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const id2 = 'bbb00000-2222-4222-8222-222222222222' // Shard: bbb
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await brain.add({ id: id1, data: { name: 'Entity A' }, type: NounType.Thing })
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await brain.relate({ from: id1, to: id2, type: VerbType.RelatesTo })
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// Transaction handles cross-shard atomicity automatically
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```
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**How It Works:**
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- Sharding is transparent to transactions
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- `analyzeKey()` method routes to correct shard based on UUID
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- Transaction operations don't need to know about shards
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- Rollback works across all shards involved
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### TypeAware Storage
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✅ **Fully Compatible**
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Transactions work with type-specific routing:
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```typescript
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// Entities routed to type-specific storage paths
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const personId = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'John Doe' },
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type: NounType.Person // → entities/nouns/person/<shard>/...
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})
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const orgId = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Acme Corp' },
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type: NounType.Organization // → entities/nouns/organization/<shard>/...
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})
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// Type changes handled atomically
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await brain.update({
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id: personId,
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type: NounType.Organization, // Type change
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data: { name: 'Doe Corp' }
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})
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```
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**How It Works:**
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- Type information carried in metadata
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- Storage layer handles type-specific routing
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- Type cache updated/restored during rollback
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- Type counters adjusted on commit/rollback
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### Distributed Storage
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✅ **Fully Compatible**
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Transactions work with distributed/remote storage:
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```typescript
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// Works with S3, Azure, GCS, etc.
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const brain = new Brainy({
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storage: {
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type: 's3Compatible',
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config: { /* S3 config */ }
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}
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})
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// Transactions ensure atomicity at write coordinator level
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await brain.add({ data: { name: 'Remote Entity' }, type: NounType.Thing })
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```
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**How It Works:**
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- Transactions operate through `StorageAdapter` interface
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- Remote storage adapters implement same interface
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- Atomicity guaranteed at write-coordinator level
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- Read-after-write consistency maintained
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**Design Philosophy:**
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- **Single-node writes** (most common): Fully atomic ✅
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- **Distributed reads + centralized writes**: Transactions on primary ✅
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- **Multi-primary**: Transactions per-instance, cross-instance via coordinator ✅
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## Examples
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### Basic Add Operation
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```typescript
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import { Brainy } from '@soulcraft/brainy'
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import { NounType } from '@soulcraft/brainy/types'
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const brain = new Brainy()
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await brain.init()
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// Automatically uses transaction
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const id = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Alice', role: 'Engineer' },
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type: NounType.Person
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})
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// If add fails, all changes rolled back automatically
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```
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### Update with Type Change
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```typescript
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// Original entity
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const id = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'John Smith', category: 'individual' },
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type: NounType.Person
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})
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// Update with type change (atomic)
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await brain.update({
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id,
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type: NounType.Organization, // Type change
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data: { name: 'Smith Corp', category: 'business' }
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})
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// If update fails, original type and data restored
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```
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### Creating Relationships
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```typescript
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const personId = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Alice' },
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type: NounType.Person
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})
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const projectId = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Project X' },
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type: NounType.Thing
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})
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// Create relationship (atomic)
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await brain.relate({
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from: personId,
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to: projectId,
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type: VerbType.WorksOn
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})
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// If relate fails, no partial relationship created
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```
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### Batch Operations
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```typescript
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// Multiple operations, all atomic
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for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
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await brain.add({
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data: { name: `Entity ${i}`, index: i },
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type: NounType.Thing
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})
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}
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// Each add() is a separate transaction
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// If any add fails, only that specific add is rolled back
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```
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### Delete with Cascade
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```typescript
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const personId = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Bob' },
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type: NounType.Person
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})
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const projectId = await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Project Y' },
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type: NounType.Thing
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})
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await brain.relate({
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from: personId,
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to: projectId,
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type: VerbType.WorksOn
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})
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// Delete person (atomic - deletes entity + relationships)
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await brain.delete(personId)
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// If delete fails, both entity and relationships remain
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```
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## Error Handling
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Transactions automatically handle errors and rollback:
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```typescript
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try {
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await brain.add({
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data: { name: 'Test Entity' },
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type: NounType.Thing,
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vector: [1, 2, 3] // Wrong dimension → error
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})
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} catch (error) {
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// Transaction automatically rolled back
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// No partial data in storage or indexes
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console.error('Add failed:', error.message)
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}
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```
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**Common Error Scenarios:**
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- **Invalid vector dimension**: Automatic rollback
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- **Type validation failure**: Automatic rollback
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- **Storage write failure**: Automatic rollback
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- **Index update failure**: Automatic rollback
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## Performance Considerations
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### Transaction Overhead
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**MEASURED Performance Impact:**
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- Average overhead: ~2-5ms per transaction (measured: `tests/transaction/transaction.bench.ts`)
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- Operations per transaction: 2-8 (metadata + data + indexes)
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- Rollback cost: ~1-3ms (restore previous state)
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**Optimization:**
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- Operations executed sequentially (not parallel) for consistency
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- Rollback only happens on failure (success path is fast)
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- Index updates batched within transaction
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### Statistics and Monitoring
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```typescript
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// Get transaction statistics
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const stats = brain.transactionManager?.getStats()
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console.log(stats)
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// {
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// totalTransactions: 1234,
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// successfulTransactions: 1200,
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// failedTransactions: 34,
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// rollbacks: 34,
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// averageOperationsPerTransaction: 4.2
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// }
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```
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**Metrics Available:**
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- `totalTransactions`: Total number of transactions executed
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- `successfulTransactions`: Number of successful commits
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- `failedTransactions`: Number of rollbacks
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- `rollbacks`: Total rollback count
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- `averageOperationsPerTransaction`: Average operations per transaction
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## Best Practices
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### 1. Let Brainy Handle Transactions
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```typescript
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// ✅ Recommended: Use Brainy's API (transactions automatic)
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await brain.add({ data, type })
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await brain.update({ id, data })
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await brain.delete(id)
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// ❌ Avoid: Direct storage access bypasses transactions
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await brain.storage.saveNoun(noun) // No transaction protection
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```
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### 2. Handle Errors Gracefully
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```typescript
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// ✅ Recommended: Catch errors, transaction rolls back automatically
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try {
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const id = await brain.add({ data, type })
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return id
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} catch (error) {
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console.error('Add failed, rolled back:', error)
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// Decide how to handle (retry, log, alert user)
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}
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```
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### 3. Validate Before Operations
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```typescript
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// ✅ Recommended: Validate early to avoid unnecessary rollbacks
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if (!isValidVector(vector, brain.dimension)) {
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throw new Error(`Vector must have ${brain.dimension} dimensions`)
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}
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await brain.add({ data, type, vector })
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```
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### 4. Monitor Transaction Statistics
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```typescript
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// ✅ Recommended: Monitor in production
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setInterval(() => {
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const stats = brain.transactionManager?.getStats()
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if (stats) {
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const failureRate = stats.failedTransactions / stats.totalTransactions
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if (failureRate > 0.05) { // > 5% failure rate
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console.warn('High transaction failure rate:', failureRate)
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}
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}
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}, 60000) // Check every minute
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```
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### 5. Understand Atomicity Guarantees
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**What Transactions GUARANTEE:**
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- ✅ Atomicity within single Brainy instance
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- ✅ Consistent state across all indexes
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- ✅ Automatic rollback on failure
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- ✅ Works with all storage adapters (local, remote, COW, sharded)
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**What Transactions DON'T Provide:**
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- ❌ Two-phase commit across multiple Brainy instances
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- ❌ Distributed locking across nodes
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- ❌ Cross-datacenter ACID guarantees
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**Design:** Transactions ensure atomicity at the **write coordinator level**. For multi-instance scenarios, use `DistributedCoordinator`.
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## Testing Transactions
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### Unit Tests
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```typescript
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import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
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import { Brainy } from '@soulcraft/brainy'
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describe('Transaction Tests', () => {
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it('should rollback on failure', async () => {
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const brain = new Brainy()
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await brain.init()
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|
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const id1 = await brain.add({ data: { name: 'Entity 1' }, type: NounType.Thing })
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try {
|
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await brain.add({
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data: null as any, // Invalid - will fail
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type: NounType.Thing
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})
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} catch (e) {
|
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// Expected failure
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}
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|
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// First entity should still exist (rollback didn't affect it)
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const entity1 = await brain.get(id1)
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expect(entity1).toBeTruthy()
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})
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})
|
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```
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|
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### Integration Tests
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|
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See `tests/transaction/integration/` for comprehensive integration tests covering:
|
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- COW integration (`cow-transactions.test.ts`)
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- Sharding integration (`sharding-transactions.test.ts`)
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- TypeAware integration (`typeaware-transactions.test.ts`)
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- Distributed storage integration (`distributed-transactions.test.ts`)
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## Troubleshooting
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### High Rollback Rate
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**Symptom:** `failedTransactions` / `totalTransactions` > 5%
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|
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**Possible Causes:**
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1. Invalid vector dimensions
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2. Type validation errors
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3. Storage write failures (disk full, network issues)
|
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4. Index corruption
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||||
|
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**Solutions:**
|
||||
- Validate data before operations
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- Check storage adapter health
|
||||
- Monitor disk space and network connectivity
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- Review error logs for patterns
|
||||
|
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### Slow Transaction Performance
|
||||
|
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**Symptom:** Operations take > 100ms per transaction
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|
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**Possible Causes:**
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1. Large metadata objects
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2. Remote storage latency
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3. Many indexes enabled
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4. Disk I/O bottleneck
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||||
|
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**Solutions:**
|
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- Optimize metadata size
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- Use local caching for remote storage
|
||||
- Disable unused indexes
|
||||
- Use SSD storage
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||||
|
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### Transaction Statistics Missing
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||||
|
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**Symptom:** `brain.transactionManager?.getStats()` returns `undefined`
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||||
|
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**Cause:** TransactionManager not initialized
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||||
|
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**Solution:**
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```typescript
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// Ensure Brainy is initialized
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await brain.init()
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||||
|
||||
// Then access stats
|
||||
const stats = brain.transactionManager?.getStats()
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||||
```
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|
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## Architecture Details
|
||||
|
||||
### Transaction Lifecycle
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. BEGIN
|
||||
↓
|
||||
2. ADD OPERATIONS
|
||||
- SaveNounMetadataOperation
|
||||
- SaveNounOperation
|
||||
- UpdateGraphIndexOperation
|
||||
↓
|
||||
3. EXECUTE (sequential)
|
||||
- Execute operation 1 → Success
|
||||
- Execute operation 2 → Success
|
||||
- Execute operation 3 → FAILURE
|
||||
↓
|
||||
4. ROLLBACK (reverse order)
|
||||
- Undo operation 2
|
||||
- Undo operation 1
|
||||
↓
|
||||
5. THROW ERROR
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Operation Types
|
||||
|
||||
| Operation | Description | Undo Behavior |
|
||||
|-----------|-------------|---------------|
|
||||
| `SaveNounMetadataOperation` | Save entity metadata | Restore previous metadata or delete if new |
|
||||
| `SaveNounOperation` | Save entity data | Restore previous data or delete if new |
|
||||
| `UpdateGraphIndexOperation` | Update graph index | Restore previous index state |
|
||||
| `SaveVerbMetadataOperation` | Save relationship metadata | Restore previous metadata or delete if new |
|
||||
| `SaveVerbOperation` | Save relationship data | Restore previous data or delete if new |
|
||||
|
||||
### Storage Adapter Integration
|
||||
|
||||
Transactions use the `StorageAdapter` interface:
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
interface StorageAdapter {
|
||||
saveNounMetadata(id: string, metadata: NounMetadata): Promise<void>
|
||||
saveNoun(noun: Noun): Promise<void>
|
||||
deleteNounMetadata(id: string): Promise<void>
|
||||
deleteNoun(id: string): Promise<void>
|
||||
// ... other methods
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Insight:** All storage adapters (filesystem, S3, Azure, GCS, memory) implement this interface. Transactions work with **any** storage adapter automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
## Additional Resources
|
||||
|
||||
- **Unit Tests:** `tests/transaction/transaction.test.ts` (36 passing tests)
|
||||
- **Integration Tests:** `tests/transaction/integration/` (35 test scenarios)
|
||||
- **Compatibility Analysis:** `.strategy/TRANSACTION_COMPATIBILITY_ANALYSIS.md` (internal)
|
||||
- **Performance Benchmarks:** `tests/transaction/transaction.bench.ts`
|
||||
|
||||
## Version History
|
||||
|
||||
- **v5.8.0**: Initial transaction system release
|
||||
- Atomic operations with rollback
|
||||
- Compatible with COW, sharding, type-aware, distributed
|
||||
- 36/36 unit tests passing
|
||||
- 35 integration test scenarios
|
||||
|
||||
## Summary
|
||||
|
||||
Brainy's transaction system provides **production-ready atomic operations** with automatic rollback. It works transparently with all Brainy APIs and is fully compatible with advanced features like COW, sharding, type-aware storage, and distributed storage.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Takeaways:**
|
||||
- ✅ **Automatic**: No manual transaction management needed
|
||||
- ✅ **Atomic**: All operations succeed or all rollback
|
||||
- ✅ **Compatible**: Works with all storage adapters and features
|
||||
- ✅ **Production-Ready**: Tested with 71 test scenarios (36 unit + 35 integration)
|
||||
- ✅ **Performant**: ~2-5ms overhead per transaction (measured)
|
||||
|
||||
Start using transactions today - they're already built into `brain.add()`, `brain.update()`, `brain.delete()`, and `brain.relate()`!
|
||||
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