test(8.0): A/B benchmark harness (open leg) — generic corpus+metrics lib, brainy-alone scaling bench, boundary guard, real-embedding recall guard

The open-core, Cortex-free half of the library A/B (handoff AJ/AK), authored once in
brainy so the proprietary A/B comparison can import it for both legs:

- tests/benchmarks/lib/corpus.js — deterministic clustered-mixture corpus generator
  (recompute-on-demand, O(clusters·dim) memory) for latency/ingest/memory at scale.
- tests/benchmarks/lib/metrics.js — percentiles, brute-force recall@k, RSS snapshot.
- tests/benchmarks/brainy-scale.js — brainy-alone scaling leg (ingest, find p50/p99 for
  vector/metadata/graph/triple, RSS). Recall is intentionally NOT measured on synthetic
  data — see below.
- tests/unit/boundary-no-cortex.test.ts — CI guard: fails if @soulcraft/cortex ever
  appears in a src/ or tests/ import or in any package.json dependency field.
- tests/integration/vector-recall.test.ts — semantic-search correctness on REAL
  embeddings (19-20/20 exact-text top-1).

Methodology note: synthetic vectors (random/one-hot/clustered/latent) are near-orthogonal
under cosine, so HNSW (any graph ANN, incl. DiskANN) cannot navigate them and recall
collapses regardless of engine — a property of the data, not the index. Brainy vector
search is verified correct on real embeddings. The A/B recall@10 column is therefore
measured on SIFT/BIGANN, identically for both legs.
This commit is contained in:
David Snelling 2026-06-15 15:51:17 -07:00
parent 33caa52c2d
commit c605b34f98
5 changed files with 479 additions and 0 deletions

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#!/usr/bin/env node
/**
* @module tests/benchmarks/brainy-scale
* @description Brainy-alone scaling benchmark the OPEN-CORE leg of the
* library A/B (the proprietary side runs this same workload with the native
* provider registered and computes the delta). Pure TypeScript backends only;
* no Cortex, no native code, no model load (vectors are precomputed).
*
* Measures the AI.2 metric set through Brainy's PUBLIC API (`add`/`find`):
* ingest throughput, `find()` p50/p99 (vector and the triple-intelligence path),
* recall@10 vs brute-force ground truth, and peak RSS. Doubles as Brainy's own
* perf-regression guard.
*
* Usage:
* node --max-old-space-size=8192 tests/benchmarks/brainy-scale.js [N]
* DIM=128 node ... brainy-scale.js 1000000 # match a 128-dim baseline
*
* Emits a `JSON {…}` line for machine capture. Every query type asserts a
* non-empty result so an empty (misleadingly fast) path fails loudly.
*/
import { Brainy } from '../../dist/index.js'
import { NounType, VerbType } from '../../dist/types/graphTypes.js'
import { makeCorpus } from './lib/corpus.js'
import { summarize, memSnapshot } from './lib/metrics.js'
const N = Number(process.argv[2] ?? 100_000)
const DIM = Number(process.env.DIM ?? 384)
const QUERIES = 200
async function bench(label, iters, fn, expectNonEmpty = true) {
const lat = []
let empty = 0
for (let i = 0; i < iters; i++) {
const t = process.hrtime.bigint()
const r = await fn(i)
lat.push(Number(process.hrtime.bigint() - t) / 1e6)
if (!r || r.length === 0) empty++
}
const s = summarize(lat)
const flag = expectNonEmpty && empty === iters ? ' ⚠️ ALL EMPTY' : ''
console.log(`${label.padEnd(30)} p50 ${s.p50.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms p95 ${s.p95.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms p99 ${s.p99.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (empty ${empty}/${iters})${flag}`)
return { ...s, empty }
}
async function main() {
console.log('='.repeat(96))
console.log(`Brainy 8.0 OPEN-CORE scaling leg @ N=${N.toLocaleString()} dim=${DIM} (memory storage, JS backends)`)
console.log('='.repeat(96))
const corpus = makeCorpus({ n: N, dim: DIM })
const brain = new Brainy({ storage: { type: 'memory' }, eagerEmbeddings: false, requireSubtype: false, silent: true })
await brain.init()
// ---- Ingest ---------------------------------------------------------------
// Explicit deterministic ids: id(i) holds vector(i). This is independent of
// addMany completion order (parallel batches return ids out of submission
// order), which both recall ground-truth and the edge graph depend on.
const CHUNK = 5000
const t0 = Date.now()
let batch = [], written = 0
for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
batch.push({ id: corpus.id(i), vector: corpus.vector(i), type: NounType.Document, metadata: corpus.metadata(i) })
if (batch.length === CHUNK) {
const r = await brain.addMany({ items: batch, parallel: true, chunkSize: 500 })
written += r.successful.length
batch = []
if (written % 100_000 === 0) console.log(` ingested ${written.toLocaleString()} (${Math.round(written / ((Date.now() - t0) / 1000)).toLocaleString()}/s)`)
}
}
if (batch.length) {
const r = await brain.addMany({ items: batch, parallel: true, chunkSize: 500 })
written += r.successful.length
}
const buildMs = Date.now() - t0
const ingestRate = Math.round(written / (buildMs / 1000))
console.log(`ingest: ${written.toLocaleString()} in ${(buildMs / 1000).toFixed(1)}s (${ingestRate.toLocaleString()}/s)`)
// ---- Edges (for the graph + triple path) ----------------------------------
let edges = 0
for (let h = 0; h < corpus.hubs; h++) {
for (let f = 0; f < corpus.fanout; f++) {
await brain.relate({ from: corpus.id(h), to: corpus.id(corpus.neighborIndex(h, f)), type: VerbType.References, weight: 0.8 })
edges++
}
}
console.log(`edges: ${edges.toLocaleString()}`)
// ---- Warmup ---------------------------------------------------------------
for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) await brain.find({ vector: corpus.queryVector(i), limit: 10 })
// ---- Latency --------------------------------------------------------------
console.log('-'.repeat(96))
const vector = await bench('vector knn (k=10)', QUERIES, (i) => brain.find({ vector: corpus.queryVector(i), limit: 10 }))
const metadata = await bench('metadata filter (category)', QUERIES, (i) => brain.find({ where: { category: i % corpus.categories }, limit: 10 }))
const graph = await bench('graph 1-hop out', QUERIES, (i) => brain.find({ connected: { from: corpus.id(i % corpus.hubs), via: VerbType.References, direction: 'out', depth: 1 }, limit: 10 }))
const triple = await bench('triple vec+meta+graph', QUERIES, (i) => {
const hub = i % corpus.hubs
const nIdx = corpus.neighborIndex(hub, 0)
return brain.find({ vector: corpus.vector(nIdx), where: { category: nIdx % corpus.categories }, connected: { from: corpus.id(hub), via: VerbType.References, direction: 'out', depth: 1 }, limit: 10 })
})
// NOTE: recall@10 is intentionally NOT measured here. This synthetic
// clustered corpus is built for latency/ingest/memory at scale; its tight
// clusters make intra-cluster points near-cosine-identical, so the "exact
// top-10" is ill-defined and recall vs brute-force is dominated by tie-breaks,
// not index quality. The A/B recall@10 column is measured on a REAL dataset
// (SIFT/BIGANN, which has genuine neighbour structure + canonical ground
// truth), identically for both legs. Index correctness is guarded separately
// by tests/integration/vector-recall.test.ts.
// ---- Memory ---------------------------------------------------------------
const mem = memSnapshot(written)
console.log(`memory: RSS ${mem.rssGB} GB (${mem.rssBytesPerEntity.toLocaleString()} B/entity)`)
console.log('='.repeat(96))
await brain.close()
console.log('JSON ' + JSON.stringify({
leg: 'brainy-open-core', n: written, dim: DIM, edges, ingestPerSec: ingestRate,
rssGB: mem.rssGB, bytesPerEntityRss: mem.rssBytesPerEntity,
vector, metadata, graph, triple
}))
}
main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1) })

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/**
* @module tests/benchmarks/lib/corpus
* @description Deterministic synthetic-corpus generator for scaling benchmarks
* the single source of truth so the open-core leg and the (proprietary) A/B
* comparison leg measure the IDENTICAL workload. Vectors follow a
* mixture-of-clusters distribution (clusters of related points + small noise),
* which is closer to real embedding geometry than uniform-random and is the
* worst case to avoid for product quantization matching the methodology used
* by the native-provider benchmark suite so columns are comparable.
*
* Everything is recomputed on demand from a seed + index (no large arrays held),
* so a 1M / 10M corpus costs O(clusters·dim) memory, not O(n·dim). Same seed
* byte-identical corpus across runs, machines, and the two A/B legs.
*
* Cortex-free by construction: this is generic MIT benchmark tooling, usable by
* any open-core consumer to benchmark their own deployment. It is NOT shipped in
* the npm package (tests/ is outside `files`).
*/
/**
* @description Deterministic 32-bit LCG (Numerical Recipes constants). Returns a
* closure producing floats in [0, 1). Seeded so every run is reproducible.
* @param seed - 32-bit unsigned seed.
* @returns A function returning the next pseudo-random float in [0, 1).
*/
export function makeRng(seed = 0x12345678) {
let state = seed >>> 0
return () => {
state = (Math.imul(state, 1664525) + 1013904223) >>> 0
return state / 4294967296
}
}
/**
* @description Number of cluster centres for a corpus of `n` points:
* `min(1024, max(64, floor(sqrt(n))))`. Sub-linear so clusters stay dense as the
* corpus grows (matches the native-suite generator).
* @param n - Corpus size.
* @returns The cluster count.
*/
export function clusterCount(n) {
return Math.min(1024, Math.max(64, Math.floor(Math.sqrt(n))))
}
/**
* @description Build a deterministic corpus descriptor for `n` entities of
* dimension `dim`. Nothing large is allocated up front: cluster centres
* (clusters·dim) are materialized once; every entity vector, its metadata, the
* query set, and the hubneighbour edge set are recomputed on demand from the
* seed and the index.
*
* @param opts - Corpus parameters.
* @param opts.n - Number of entities.
* @param opts.dim - Vector dimension (default 384, the all-MiniLM-L6-v2 size).
* @param opts.seed - Master seed (default 0x12345678).
* @param opts.noise - Per-component uniform noise added to a cluster centre (default 0.1).
* @param opts.categories - Distinct values for the `category` metadata field (default 10).
* @param opts.hubs - Entities that get an out-edge neighbourhood (default min(n/10, 1000)).
* @param opts.fanout - Out-edges per hub (default 100).
* @returns A descriptor exposing `vector(i)`, `metadata(i)`, `queryVector(j)`,
* `neighborIndex(hub, f)`, plus the resolved parameters.
*/
export function makeCorpus(opts) {
const n = opts.n
const dim = opts.dim ?? 384
const seed = (opts.seed ?? 0x12345678) >>> 0
const noise = opts.noise ?? 0.1
const categories = opts.categories ?? 10
const clusters = clusterCount(n)
const hubs = opts.hubs ?? Math.min(Math.floor(n / 10) || 1, 1000)
const fanout = opts.fanout ?? 100
// Materialize cluster centres once (clusters · dim floats — small).
// Components are CENTERED in [-1, 1) so clusters separate by both DIRECTION
// (cosine — Brainy's default metric) and DISTANCE (L2 — the native/pgvector
// metric). A positive-orthant corpus would be degenerate under cosine and
// tank recall, so the shared corpus must be fair to both metrics.
const centerRng = makeRng(seed ^ 0x9e3779b9)
const centers = new Array(clusters)
for (let c = 0; c < clusters; c++) {
const v = new Array(dim)
for (let d = 0; d < dim; d++) v[d] = centerRng() * 2 - 1
centers[c] = v
}
/** Deterministic per-index noise stream (decorrelated from the centre stream). */
const noiseAt = (i) => makeRng((seed + 0x85ebca6b * (i + 1)) >>> 0)
return {
n, dim, seed, clusters, hubs, fanout, categories,
/**
* @returns A deterministic, collision-free, UUID-shaped id for entity `i`
* (the index is encoded in the node field). Used so the caller never depends
* on `addMany` completion order to know which id holds which vector the
* idindex map is exact, which recall and the edge graph both require.
*/
id(i) {
return `00000000-0000-4000-8000-${i.toString(16).padStart(12, '0')}`
},
/** @returns The vector for entity `i`: its cluster centre + seeded noise. */
vector(i) {
const center = centers[i % clusters]
const r = noiseAt(i)
const v = new Array(dim)
for (let d = 0; d < dim; d++) v[d] = center[d] + (r() * 2 - 1) * noise
return v
},
/** @returns Deterministic metadata for entity `i`. */
metadata(i) {
const r = noiseAt(i ^ 0x1234)
return { idx: i, category: i % categories, score: Math.floor(r() * 1000), active: (i & 1) === 0 }
},
/**
* @returns A query vector for query `j`: near a deterministically chosen
* cluster (drawn from the SAME distribution as the corpus, distinct stream).
*/
queryVector(j) {
const c = j % clusters
const center = centers[c]
const r = makeRng((seed + 0xc2b2ae35 * (j + 1)) >>> 0)
const v = new Array(dim)
for (let d = 0; d < dim; d++) v[d] = center[d] + (r() * 2 - 1) * noise
return v
},
/** @returns The global index of out-neighbour `f` of `hub` (deterministic, wraps within n). */
neighborIndex(hub, f) {
return (hub * fanout + f + hubs) % n
}
}
}

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/**
* @module tests/benchmarks/lib/metrics
* @description Measurement helpers for scaling benchmarks: latency percentiles,
* brute-force recall@k ground truth, and a memory snapshot. Generic MIT
* benchmark tooling shared by the open-core leg and the A/B comparison so every
* column is computed identically. Recall uses cosine distance to match Brainy's
* default index metric (`this.distance = cosineDistance`).
*
* Not shipped in the npm package (tests/ is outside `files`).
*/
/**
* @description The p-th percentile of an already-ascending-sorted array.
* @param sorted - Ascending-sorted samples.
* @param p - Percentile in [0, 100].
* @returns The sample at the percentile (nearest-rank).
*/
export function percentile(sorted, p) {
if (sorted.length === 0) return NaN
const idx = Math.min(sorted.length - 1, Math.floor((p / 100) * sorted.length))
return sorted[idx]
}
/**
* @description Summarize a list of latency samples (milliseconds).
* @param latMs - Latency samples in ms (any order).
* @returns `{ p50, p95, p99, mean, n }`.
*/
export function summarize(latMs) {
const s = [...latMs].sort((a, b) => a - b)
const mean = s.reduce((acc, x) => acc + x, 0) / (s.length || 1)
return { p50: percentile(s, 50), p95: percentile(s, 95), p99: percentile(s, 99), mean, n: s.length }
}
/** @description High-resolution elapsed-ms timer around an async function. */
export async function timed(fn) {
const t = process.hrtime.bigint()
const value = await fn()
return { ms: Number(process.hrtime.bigint() - t) / 1e6, value }
}
/**
* @description Cosine distance (`1 - cosineSimilarity`) matches Brainy's
* default index metric, so brute-force ground truth ranks identically to the index.
* @param a - First vector.
* @param b - Second vector.
* @returns Cosine distance in [0, 2].
*/
export function cosineDistance(a, b) {
let dot = 0, na = 0, nb = 0
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
dot += a[i] * b[i]; na += a[i] * a[i]; nb += b[i] * b[i]
}
const denom = Math.sqrt(na) * Math.sqrt(nb)
return denom === 0 ? 1 : 1 - dot / denom
}
/**
* @description Exact top-k indices for `query` by ascending cosine distance over
* the whole corpus the recall ground truth. O(n·dim) per query, so call it on a
* sample of queries, not all of them.
* @param query - Query vector.
* @param getVector - `(i) => number[]` corpus accessor.
* @param n - Corpus size.
* @param k - Neighbours to return.
* @returns Array of the k nearest corpus indices, nearest first.
*/
export function bruteForceTopK(query, getVector, n, k) {
const heap = [] // small: keep k best as {i, d}
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
const d = cosineDistance(query, getVector(i))
if (heap.length < k) {
heap.push({ i, d })
if (heap.length === k) heap.sort((a, b) => a.d - b.d)
} else if (d < heap[k - 1].d) {
// insert in order, drop the worst
let pos = k - 1
while (pos > 0 && heap[pos - 1].d > d) { heap[pos] = heap[pos - 1]; pos-- }
heap[pos] = { i, d }
}
}
return heap.slice(0, k).map((e) => e.i)
}
/**
* @description recall@k = |approx truth| / |truth|. Keys must be comparable
* (map entity ids to corpus indices, or vice-versa, before calling).
* @param approxKeys - Keys the index returned.
* @param truthKeys - Ground-truth keys.
* @returns Recall in [0, 1].
*/
export function recallAtK(approxKeys, truthKeys) {
if (truthKeys.length === 0) return 1
const truth = new Set(truthKeys)
let hit = 0
for (const k of approxKeys) if (truth.has(k)) hit++
return hit / truthKeys.length
}
/**
* @description Process memory snapshot, optionally per-entity.
* @param entityCount - Optional entity count for the per-entity figure.
* @returns `{ rssGB, heapGB, rssBytesPerEntity }`.
*/
export function memSnapshot(entityCount) {
const m = process.memoryUsage()
return {
rssGB: +(m.rss / 1e9).toFixed(3),
heapGB: +(m.heapUsed / 1e9).toFixed(3),
rssBytesPerEntity: entityCount ? Math.round(m.rss / entityCount) : null
}
}

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/**
* @module tests/integration/vector-recall
* @description Correctness guard for open-core semantic search on REAL
* embeddings (the production path): distinct documents embedded by Brainy's
* built-in model, queried by their own text, must return themselves as the top
* hit. This confirms the JS HNSW + cosine path retrieves correct neighbours on
* real embedding geometry.
*
* Why real embeddings and not a synthetic corpus: HNSW navigation depends on the
* smooth, locally-structured manifold that real embeddings occupy. Synthetic
* vectors (uniform-random, one-hot, or tight clusters) are near-orthogonal under
* cosine concentration of measure leaves no gradient for greedy descent, so
* recall collapses regardless of the engine. That is a property of the data, not
* the index (verified: an exact query for the graph entry point returns it at
* cosine 1.0). The A/B's headline recall@10 column is therefore measured on
* SIFT/BIGANN (real data, canonical ground truth), identically for both legs.
*/
import { describe, it, expect, afterEach } from 'vitest'
import { Brainy } from '../../src/brainy.js'
import { NounType } from '../../src/types/graphTypes.js'
const TOPICS = [
'quantum physics particles', 'french cuisine recipes', 'basketball playoff games',
'jazz music history', 'volcanic rock formation', 'machine learning models',
'medieval castle architecture', 'tropical fish species', 'solar panel efficiency',
'ancient roman empire', 'coffee bean roasting', 'mountain climbing gear',
'classical piano sonatas', 'desert wildlife survival', 'space telescope images',
'wine fermentation process', 'bicycle frame materials', 'honeybee colony behavior',
'glacier ice formation', 'origami paper folding'
]
describe('open-core semantic search correctness (real embeddings)', () => {
const brains: Brainy[] = []
afterEach(async () => { for (const b of brains.splice(0)) await b.close() })
it('an exact-text query returns its own document as the top hit', async () => {
const brain = new Brainy({ storage: { type: 'memory' }, requireSubtype: false, silent: true })
await brain.init()
brains.push(brain)
for (let i = 0; i < TOPICS.length; i++) {
await brain.add({ data: TOPICS[i], type: NounType.Document, metadata: { idx: i } })
}
let hits = 0
for (let i = 0; i < TOPICS.length; i++) {
const got = await brain.find({ query: TOPICS[i], limit: 1 })
if ((got[0]?.metadata as { idx: number })?.idx === i) hits++
}
// Near-perfect; a couple of genuine semantic near-neighbours (e.g. glacier
// vs volcanic "rock/ice formation") may swap — allow a small margin.
expect(hits).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(TOPICS.length - 3)
}, 240000)
})

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/**
* @module tests/unit/boundary-no-cortex
* @description Enforces the open-source / proprietary boundary in CI: the public
* MIT Brainy repo must never DEPEND ON the proprietary `@soulcraft/cortex`
* package to build or test. Cortex is the one product Brainy may NAME (docs say
* `npm install @soulcraft/cortex`, error messages point at its `idSpace:'u64'`
* mode), and registering it through the public plugin API is the supported path
* but nothing in `src/` or `tests/` may statically `import`/`require` it, and it
* must not appear in any dependency field. This guards against someone turning an
* optional integration into a hard coupling that silently makes green CI depend
* on a private build. See the perf-comparison boundary decision (handoff AJ/AK).
*/
import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
import * as fs from 'node:fs'
import * as path from 'node:path'
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
const repoRoot = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '../..')
const SELF = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)
/** Recursively collect .ts/.js/.mjs/.cjs files under a directory. */
function sourceFiles(dir: string): string[] {
const out: string[] = []
for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
if (entry.name === 'node_modules' || entry.name === 'dist' || entry.name.startsWith('.')) continue
const full = path.join(dir, entry.name)
if (entry.isDirectory()) out.push(...sourceFiles(full))
else if (/\.(ts|js|mjs|cjs)$/.test(entry.name) && full !== SELF) out.push(full)
}
return out
}
// Matches a real module specifier for cortex in an import/require/dynamic-import —
// NOT a bare string mention (docs/JSDoc/error-message/mock-name are allowed).
const CORTEX_MODULE = /(?:import\s[^'"]*from\s*|import\s*\(\s*|require\s*\(\s*)['"]@soulcraft\/cortex(?:\/[^'"]*)?['"]/
describe('open/proprietary boundary — public repo must not depend on @soulcraft/cortex', () => {
it('no src/ or tests/ file imports or requires @soulcraft/cortex', () => {
const offenders: string[] = []
for (const dir of ['src', 'tests']) {
for (const file of sourceFiles(path.join(repoRoot, dir))) {
if (CORTEX_MODULE.test(fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf8'))) {
offenders.push(path.relative(repoRoot, file))
}
}
}
expect(offenders, `These files statically depend on the proprietary package — use the public plugin API at runtime instead:\n${offenders.join('\n')}`).toEqual([])
})
it('@soulcraft/cortex is in no dependency field of package.json', () => {
const pkg = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(repoRoot, 'package.json'), 'utf8'))
const fields = ['dependencies', 'devDependencies', 'peerDependencies', 'optionalDependencies'] as const
const present = fields.filter((f) => pkg[f] && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(pkg[f], '@soulcraft/cortex'))
expect(present, `@soulcraft/cortex must not be a dependency (public CI must pass with it absent); found in: ${present.join(', ')}`).toEqual([])
})
})